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Unit 2: Knowledge

These issues in ethics reflects those discussions, exploring the uses and limits of knowledge Notes
from several perspectives. “Little Brother is watching You” describes the potential for employers
to read employee e-mail and monitor Web site browsing, and it lays out the pros and cons of
such electronic surveillance.
“When What We Know Outstrips What We Can Do” looks at the issue in a medical context. How
can ethics guide us as science increases our ability to diagnose genetic illnesses for which no cure
exists? To what end should the growing body of information about the human genome be put?
Our Thinking Ethically piece argues that it is not enough simply to fill students’ heads with
knowledge. “Like a Bear Robbed of Her Cubs” explores how educating students for compassion
helps them put their knowledge to use.
Among our regular features, we have “The Case of the Million-Dollar Decision,” which examines
the ethical implications for companies expanding into foreign markets where payoffs are an
accepted part of doing business.
2.2.3 Knowledge-base

A knowledge-base is a database used for knowledge sharing and management. It promotes the
collection, organization and retrieval of knowledge. Many knowledge-bases are structured
around artificial intelligence which not only store data but find solutions for further problems
using data from previous experience stored as part of the knowledge-base. Knowledge
management systems depend on data management technologies ranging from relational databases
to data warehouses.
A knowledge-base is not merely a space for data storage, but can be an artificial intelligence tool
for delivering intelligent decisions. Various knowledge representation techniques, including
frames and scripts, represent knowledge. The services offered are explanation, reasoning and
intelligent decision support. Knowledge-based Computer-aided Systems Engineering (KB-CASE)
tools assist designers by providing suggestions and solutions, thereby helping to investigate
the results of design decisions. The knowledge-base analysis and design allows users to frame
knowledge-bases, from which informative decisions are made.

Did u know? Two major types of knowledge-bases are human readable and machine
readable. Human readable knowledge-bases enable people to access and use the knowledge.
They store help documents, manuals, troubleshooting information and frequently answered
questions. They can be interactive and lead users to solutions to problems they have, but
rely on the user providing information to guide the process.
Machine readable knowledge-bases store knowledge, but only in system readable forms.
Solutions are offered based upon automated deductive reasoning and are not as interactive as
this relies on query systems that have software that can respond to the knowledge-base to
narrow down a solution. This means that machine readable knowledge-base information shared
to other machines is usually linear and is limited in interactivity, unlike the human interaction
which is query based.

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Caution Knowledge from any text must be well refined for applying the concept of AI.

Task Visit www.knowledge.com for various issues involved with knowledge and AI.

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