Page 191 - DMTH202_BASIC_MATHEMATICS_II

Basic Mathematics-II Richa Nandra, Lovely Professional University

Notes Unit 14: Probability

CONTENTS
Objectives
Introduction

14.1 Random Experiments
14.2 Sample Space
14.3 Events

14.4 Probability
14.4.1 Axiomatic Approach to Probability
14.5 Summary
14.6 Keywords
14.7 Review Questions

14.8 Further Readings

Objectives

After studying this unit, you will be able to:

 Understand the concepts of random experiments
 Discuss the concept of event
 Recognize the axiomatic approach to probability

Introduction

We start with thinking of some event where the result is vague. Instances of such results would
be the roll of a die, the quantity of rain that we obtain tomorrow, the condition of the economy
in one month, etc. In every case, we don’t know for certain what will occur. For instance, we
don’t know precisely how much rain we will obtain tomorrow.
A probability is a mathematical measure of the possibility of the event. It is a number that we
connect to an event, say the event that we’ll obtain over an inch of rain tomorrow, which
imitates the possibility that we will get this much rain.
A probability can be expressed as a number from 0 to 1. If we allocate a probability of 0 to an
event, this shows that this event never will take place. A probability of 1 connected to a particular
event shows that this event always will happen.
In this unit, you will understand the various concepts of probability such as random experiments,
sample space, events, etc.

14.1 Random Experiments

The fundamental view in probability is that of a random experiment: an experiment whose
result cannot be revealed beforehand, but is however still dependent on analysis.

186 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY