Page 32 - DCAP408_WEB_PROGRAMMING

Web Programming

Notes 1988: The Internet virus is unleashed by a graduate student at Cornell University, focusing
attention on network vulnerability to security threats. Immediate steps were taken to make the
network more secure.
1990: Twenty years after its birth at UCLA, ARPANET was officially decommissioned; its
descendant, the NSFNET, inherited its role as the research and education 1990 communities’
backbone network. The first relay between a commercial electronic mail carrier (MCI Mail) and
the Internet took place through the Clearinghouse for Networked Information.

Its mission accomplished, CSNET service was discontinued. For the first time, commercial
networks were connected to the NSFNET backbone through the Commercial Internet Exchange
(CIX) Association. CIX was formed by General Atomics (CERFnet), Performance Systems
International, Inc. (PSINet), and UUNET Technologies, Inc. (AlterNet).
1991: Anew bread of distributed information services called Wide Area Information Servers
(WAIS) released by the now-bankrupt Thinking Machines Corporation; Gopher was released by
the University of Minnesota, and the World Wide Web was announced on alt.hypertext by Tim
Berners-Lee of CERN.
The U.S. government made a decision to turn NSFNET into a faster research network called
National Research and Education Network (NREN) as defined in the High-Performance
Computing Act of 1991.
1993: National Information Infrastructure announcement sparks interest in the Information
1993 Superhighway. Businesses and media suddenly realised there was something called the
Internet and began to take an interest in its exploitation.

1994: Two million copies of a freeware mosaic -a multimedia browser for the WWW, written by
Marc Andreesen, at that time an undergraduate student at the University 1993.94 of Illinois at
Urbana Campaign -were distributed over the Internet and attained incredible popularity. This
milestone event represents anew chapter in electronic commerce.
1995: The old NSFNET backbone is decommissioned and anew architecture based on Network
Access Points (NAPs) is installed.
2000: IT Act 2000 passed by the Government of India.

Task Write the full form of the following abbreviations:
1. HTTP
2. www

3. ARPA
4. DOD
5. NAP

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
15. The World Wide Web is an information space that provides resources, which are identified
by global identifiers called ……………….
16. Hypertext Markup Language defines the rules for formatting a ………………. so that a
web browser displays the page properly.

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