Page 113 - DMGT206_PRODUCTION_AND_OPERATIONS_MANAGEMENT

Production and Operations Management

Notes  Six Sigma methodologies used to drive defects to less than 3.4 per million opportunities.
 Data intensive solution approaches.
 Implemented by Green Belts, Black Belts and Master Black Belts.
 Ways to help meet the business/financial bottom-line numbers.

 Implemented with the support of a champion and process owner.
The Differences of DMAIC and DMADV: DMAIC and DMADV sound very similar, but operate
differently. The two methodologies are compared in Table below:

Table 5.4: Differences between DMAIC and DMADV

DMAIC Define  Identify customers and their priorities.
Measure
 Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables. Identify CTQs
Analyze

(critical-to- quality characteristics) that the customer considers to have the most impact on quality.
Improve
 Measure the process to determine current performance.
Control
 Identify the key internal processes that influence CTQs and measure the defects currently

generated relative to those processes.
 Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects.
 Improve the process by eliminating defects.
 Control future process performance.
DMADV Define  Identify customers and their priorities.
Measure
 Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables. Identify CTQs.
Analyze
 Measure and determine customer needs and specifications.
Design
 Identify the key internal processes that influence CTQs and measure the defects currently
Verify
generated relative to those processes.

 Analyze the process options to meet the customer needs.
 Design (detailed) the process to meet the customer needs.
 Verify the design performance and ability to meet customer needs

When to Use DMAIC: The DMAIC cycle is a more detailed version of the Deming PCDA cycle,
which consists of four steps - plan, do, check, and act - that underlie continuous improvement.
The DMAIC methodology, instead of the DMADV methodology, should be used when a product
or process is in existence at your company but is not meeting customer specification or is not
performing adequately. The objective here is to modify the process to stay within acceptable
range. Determine the control parameters and how to maintain the improvements. Put tools in
place to ensure that the key variables remain within the maximum acceptance ranges under the
modified process.
When to Use DMADV: The DMADV methodology, instead of the DMAIC methodology, should
be used when:

 A product or process is not in existence and the company one needs to be developed.
 The existing product or process exists and has been optimized (using either DMAIC or
not) and still doesn't meet the level of customer specification or Six Sigma level.
The objectives of the DMADV methodology finds application in product and process design, or
reengineering that have been discussed in earlier units. The design parameters are determined
and tools put in place to ensure that the key variables remain within the maximum acceptance
ranges under the new or reengineered process.

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