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Unit 2: ILO and its Contribution in Labour Welfare and Social Security

Work (Women) (Revised) Con.(No.89), 1948; (d) Equal Remuneration Con.(No.100), 1951; (e) Notes
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Con.(No. 111), 1958; and Underground Work
(Women) Con.(No.45), 1935.
Provisions of Conventions relating to night work, that is, Nos, 41 and 89 have been incorporated
in the protective labour laws like Factories Act, 1948, Mines Act, 1952, Plantation Labour Act,
1951, Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and other similar laws.
The provisions of the Equal Remuneration Con. (No.100), 1951 and those of the Discrimination
(Employment and Occupation) Con. (No.111),1958 have been given effect to by the Equal
Remuneration Act, 1976. The provisions of the Underground Work (Women) Con. (No.45), 1935
have been incorporated in the Mines Act, 1952.
Although India has not ratified Maternity Protection Conventions (No.3),1919, (No. 103),1952,
and (No. 183), 2000, the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948,
incorporate many of their provisions.

2.6.4 Health, Safety and Welfare

The Prevention of Industrial Accidents Recommendation (No.31),1929, the Power-driven
Machinery Rec.(No.32),1929, and the Labour Inspection Rec.(No.20),1923 deal with general
problems of safety. Recommendation No.31 provides in detail, the methods of co-operation
between State inspectorates, employers and workers' organisations and other bodies in the
prevention of accidents. It also prescribes the general principles to be embodied in safety
legislation. Recommendation No.32 lays down that power-driven machinery should not be
installed unless it is furnished with the safety appliances required by law.
Recommendation No.20 provides that the principal function of the inspection system should be
to secure the enforcement of laws and regulations relating to conditions of work and protection
of workers, including matters of safety and health. The Marking of Weight (Packages Transported
by Vessels) Con.(No.27),1929, which has been ratified by India, requires every package of one
tonne or more gross weight consigned for transport by sea or inland water to have its gross
weight plainly or durably marked on the outside, before it is loaded on a ship or other vessel.
The policy should aim at preventing accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with, or
occurring in the course of, works by eliminating, minimizing or controlling hazards in the
agricultural working environment.

Recommendation No.3 suggests making arrangements for the disinfection of wool infected
with anthrax spores either, in the country exporting such wool, or at the port of the entry.
Recommendation No.4 deals with the protection of workers against lead poisoning and provides
that the employment of women and young persons in processes involving the use of lead
compounds be permitted only on the adoption of certain health precautions. Recommendation
No.6 prohibits the use of white phosphorus in the manufacture of matches. The White Lead
(Painting) Con.(No.13),1921, forbids the use of white lead and sulphate of lead and all products
containing these pigments in the internal painting of buildings.
The ILO has taken recourse to a number of activities in promoting the welfare of workers. Two
Recommendations deal with various aspects of workers' welfare. The Utilization of Spare Time
Rec., 1924 deals with the principles and methods for securing the best use of the spare time of
workers. The Living-in Conditions (Agriculture) Rec.,1921 recommends that measures should
be adopted to regulate the living-in conditions of agricultural workers with due regard to the
climatic or other conditions affecting agricultural work.
India has ratified Marking of Weight (Packages Transported by Vessels) Convention (No.27),1929,
Radiation Protection Con.(No.115),1960 and Benzene Con.(No.136),1971. The provisions of
Con.No.27 have been incorporated in the Marking of Heavy Packages Act, 1951, and those of

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