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Labour Legislations

Notes 2.6.7 Employment and Unemployment

The employment Convention (No. 2), 1919 provides for the establishment of a system of free
public employment agencies, as one of the measures against unemployment. The Employment
Service Con.(No.88),1948 deals with the maintenance of free public employment service consisting
of a national system of local and regional employment offices under the direction of a national
authority.
The Forced Labour Convention (No.29), 1930 provides for the abolition of forced labour in all its
forms. The Unemployment Recommendation, 1919, the Public Works (National Planning) Recs.
(No.51), 1937 and (No.73), 1944 deal with the problems of public works policy adopted as a
measure for the creation of employment opportunities. Recommendation No.1 suggests co-
ordination in the execution of all work undertaken under a public authority with the purpose of
reserving such work for periods of unemployment and for areas mostly affected by it.

Conventions concerning employment and unemployment ratified by India include:
Unemployment recommendation, 1919 (later denounced), Employment Services Con. (No.88),
1948, Employment Policy Con. (No. 122),1964, Forced Labour Con.(No.29),1930 and Abolition
of Forced labour (l\111.t.;0.IO5).1957.

The provisions of the Conventions relating to unemployment and employment have been
given effect to by administrative orders and practices, supplemented by a few labour laws such
as Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1976. Forced labour has
been prohibited by fundamental right against exploitation under the Indian Constitution.

2.6.8 Other Special Categories

The ILO has given special attention to the employment conditions of seamen. A number of
Conventions and Recommendations deal exclusively with various aspects of the working
conditions of seamen. These relate to hours of work, wages, facilities for finding employment,
seamen's articles, employment of young persons, officers' competency certificates, annual
holidays with pay, sickness and unemployment insurance, ship-owners' liability, repatriation
of seamen and social security. Similarly, a few Conventions and Recommendations deal with
fishermen, workers in inland navigation, dock-workers, nursing personnel, employees of hotels
and restaurants, indigenous and tribal people, migrant workers and older workers.

Notes Other special categories of Conventions ratified by India include: Inspection of
Emigrants Con. (No. 21).1926, Seamen's Articles of Agreement Con.(No.22), 1928, Marking
of Weight (Packages Transported by Vessels) Con.(No.27), 1929, Final Articles Revision
Con.(No.80),1947 (excluding Part II), Indigenous and Tribal Population Con. (No. 107),1957
and certain Articles of Labour Statistics Con.(No.160),1985.
Provisions of Con.(No.21),1926 have been incorporated in the Emigration Act, 1983 and
partly in the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of
Service) Act, 1979. The Marking of Heavy Packages Act, 1951 embodies the provisions of
Con.(No.27),1929. The Collection of Statistics Act, 1953 deals with the provisions of
Con.(l60),1985.

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