Page 26 - DMGT524_TOTAL_QUALITY_MANAGEMENT

Unit 2: Gurus of Quality Management

Self Assessment Notes

Fill in the blanks:
16. …………………… was the first to argue that quality should be considered at all the various
stages of the process and not just within the manufacturing function.

17. The underlying principle of the total quality view and its basic difference from all other
concepts is that to provide …………………….

2.6 Kaoru Ishikawa

Kaoru Ishikawa is considered as Japan’s leading figure in the area of Total Quality Management.
His inspiration came from the work of Deming and Juran and to a lesser extent, from that of
Feigenbaum. He is more respected for the following contributions.
Ishikawa’s main contributions to TQM are given below:
(i) Quality control circles: He was the first to introduce this concept and to have put it into
practice successfully.
(ii) He is the originator of fishbone diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams which are now used
worldwide for problem solving and continuous improvement through cause-effect
analysis.
(iii) Ishikawa has commented that Feigenbaum’s approach to Total Quality Control includes
many non-specialists and therefore, the input on quality problem solving may be limited.
He argues that Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC) has to rely on the wide use of
statistical techniques. He has classified statistical techniques in three categories as given
below. Ishikawa argues that nearly 90-95 per cent of the problems can be solved using the
elementary statistical techniques which do not require specialized knowledge.

2.6.1 Ishikawa’s Statistical Techniques to CWQC

1. Elementary statistical techniques
(i) Pareto analysis (vital few versus trivial many)
(ii) Cause and effect diagram (not a true statistical technique)

(iii) Stratification
(iv) Checklist (tally sheet)
(v) Histogram
(vi) Scatter diagram
(vii) Graphs and Shewhart control chart

2. Intermediate statistical methods
(i) Theory of sampling surveys
(ii) Statistical sampling techniques

(iii) Various methods of statistical estimation and hypothesis testing
(iv) Methods of utilizing sensory tests
(v) Methods of experimental design

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