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Jovita Kaur, Lovely Professional University Unit 9: Presentation of Data

Unit 9: Presentation of Data Notes

CONTENTS
Objectives
Introduction
9.1 Tabular Presentation of Data
9.2 Graphical Presentation of Data
9.3 Types of Graphical Presentation of Data

9.3.1 Histogram
9.3.2 Bar Diagram or Bar Graph
9.3.3 Frequency Polygon
9.3.4 Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive
9.4 Unvaried and Multivariate Tables

9.5 Summary
9.6 Keywords
9.7 Review Questions
9.8 Further Readings

Objectives

After studying this unit, you will be able to:
• Define tabular presentation of data.
• Explain types of graphical presentation of data.

• Describe unvaried and multivariate tables.
• Define graphical presentation of data.

Introduction

For learner’s evaluation, we usually administer a number of tests on all students of the class
and scores are given in their answer-scripts. Often these are used as such, without interpreting
them. If you have to interpret the scores, you must learn to tabulate them in a meaningful
way and calculate various statistics from the same. In this Unit, you will study about the
meaning and nature of data; the need and importance of statistics; the tabulation of data in
a meaningful way and various types of graphical representation to make the data easily
comprehendible.

9.1 Tabular Presentation of Data

It is cumbersome to study or interpret large data without grouping it, even if it is arranged
sequentially. For this, the data are usually organised into groups called classes and presented

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