Page 145 - DLIS401_METHODOLOGY_OF_RESEARCH_AND_STATISTICAL_TECHNIQUES

Methodology of Research and Statistical Techniques

Notes 9.5 Summary

• Tables represent narrative or numerical information in tabular fashion. A table arranges
information in rows or columns, so that data elements may be referred to easily.
• The graphical representation of data makes the reading more interesting, less time-
consuming and easily understandable. The disadvantage of graphical presentation is
that it lacks details and is less accurate.
• This is the simplest type of graphical presentation of data. The following types of bar
graphs are possible: (a) Simple bar graph (b) Double bar graph (c) Divided bar graph.
• In a frequency distribution, the mid-value of each class is obtained. Then on the graph
paper, the frequency is plotted against the corresponding mid-value.

9.6 Keywords

Pie Charts : Sometimes a circle is used to represent a given data. The various parts of
it are proportionally represented by sectors of the circle. Then the graph
is called a Pie Graph or Pie Chart.
Histogram : A two dimensional frequency density diagram is called a histogram.

9.7 Review Questions

1. How is data presentated using tabular method?
2. Discuss various graphs used in graphical presentation of data.
3. What is unvariate and bi-variate table?
4. What do you understand by multivariate data analysis? Explain.

Answers: Self Assessment

1. (b) Histogram 2. (c) Frequency polygon
3. (a) Bar graphs

9.8 Further Readings

Books Research Methods in Librarianship, 1988: Busha, Charles H and Harter, S.P.
Statistical Methods for librarians, 1978: Carpenter, R.L.
Editing scientific books and journals, 1978: Donner, M.D.

Online links www.asu.edu/habitat/data_present.html

www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Tabular_Presentation.aspx
www.en.wikipedia.org

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