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bdkbZ—13: 'kCn fopkj % 'kCnksa dk oxhZdj.k




                 2- cgqczhfg lekl                                                                   uksV
                 ftl lekl osQ nksuksa inksa eas ls fdlh dks iz/kurk ugha nh tkrh vFkkZr~ nksukas xkS.k in fdlh rhljs vFkZ
            dks iz/kurk nsrs gSaA tSlsµ

                          f=kus=k     =    rhu gSa us=k ftlosQ vFkkZr~ ¶f'ko¸
                          prqHkZqt    =    prq% + HkqZt (pkj gSa Hkqtk,¡ ftudh ¶fo".kq¸)
                 3- rRiq#"k lekl

                 tc nwljk in iz/ku gksrk gS vkSj igyk xkS.k rc ogk¡ rRiq#"k lekl gksrk gSA tSls]
                          ns'kHkfDr   =    ns'k osQ fy, HkfDr
                          ozQhM+k{ks=k  =  ozQhM+k osQ fy, {ks=k ([ksy dk eSnku)

                          lektnzksgh  =    lekt dk nzksgh
                          jlksbZ?kj   =    jlksbZ osQ fy, ?kj
                 rRiq#"k osQ nks miHksn gSa% deZ/kj; vkSj f}xqA

                 (d) deZ/kj;% esa Hkh nwljk in iz/ku gksrk gS] fdarq fHkUurk ;g gS fd blesa igyk in fo'ks"k.k ;k
            mieklwpd gksrk gS vkSj nwljk in fo'ks";] tSlsµ
                          egkiq#"k    =    egk + iq#"k
                          egkfuns'kd  =    egk  + funs'kd

                          panzeq[k    =    panzek osQ leku eq[k
                 ([k) f}xq% f}xq Hkh deZ/kj; osQ leku gksrk gS fdUrq bldk igyk in la[;kokph fo'ks"k.k gksrk gS]
            tSlsµ
                          pkSjkgk     =    pkj jkgsa (jkLrs)

                          frekgh      =    rhu ekg
                          f=kHkqou    =    rhu Hkqou
                 4- vO;;hHkko lekl
                 tc lekl esa igyk in vO;; gksrk gS rks leLr in dks vO;;h Hkko lekl dgk tkrk gSA ;kn j[ksa
            fd bl dksfV dk iwjk in vO;; gksrk gSA

                          ;Fkkle;     =    ;Fkk + le; (le; osQ vuqlkj)
                          vosQyk&vosQyk =  vosQyk + vosQyk (fcYoqQy vosQyk)
                          tYnh&tYnh   =    tYnh + tYnh (cgqr tYnh)

                          HkjisV      =    Hkj + isV (isV Hkjdj)
                          cs[kVosQ    =    cs + [kVosQ (fcuk #dkoV osQ)
                          vkej.k      =    vk + ej.k (ejus rd)

                          izfrfnu     =    izfr + fnu (gj jkst+)
                 bl izdkj Åij vkius lekl jpuk dk tks oxhZdj.k ns[kk mls vki bl izdkj ldrs gSaµ





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