Page 203 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV rhljh] U;k; dh jktuhfrd /kj.kk ,d ^foossd'khy ukxfjd* (reasonable citizen) dh /kj.kk dh rjiQ
laosQr djrh gSA ukxfjdksa dks ml fLFkfr esa foosd'khy ekuk tk ldrk gS tc ihf<+;ksa ls lg;ksx dh ,d O;oLFkk
esa ,d&nwljs dks Lora=k ,oa leku le>rs gq;s] os ,d&nwljs dks lkekftd lg;ksx dh mfpr 'krs± izLrqr djus
dks rRij jgrs gSaA bldk vfHkizk; gS fy;s x;s fu.kZ;ksa dks ekU;rk nsuk rFkk buosQ ifj.kkeksa osQ cks> dks ogu djus
osQ fy, rS;kj jgukA gesa ;g Lohdkj djus osQ fy, Hkh rS;kj jguk pkfg, fd foosd'khy O;fDr fcuk fdlh
iwokZxzg osQ vFkok vius vFkok lewg fgr dk vuko';d è;ku j[ks fcuk Hkh ,d&nwljs osQ lkFk erHksn j[k ldrs
gSaA ,d foosd'khy O;fDr jktuhfrd 'kfDr] ;fn og mls fey tkrh gS] dk iz;ksx ,sls O;kid fopkjksa dks nckus
osQ fy;s vfoosdiw.kZ ekusxk tks vfoosd'khy ugha gS gkykafd ;s fopkj mlosQ fopkjksa ls esy u [kkrs gksA mldk
vFkZ gS fd foosd'khy O;fDr fdlh /eZ dks nckus vFkok mls X+kSj&O+kQkuwuh ?kksf"kr ugha djsxk pkgs og mlosQ vius
/eZ ls fHkUu gksA og ml fLFkfr esa Hkh ,slk ugha djsxk tc mldk /eZ cgqer esa gks tk;s vkSj mUgsa nck;s tkus
dk Mj Hkh lekIr gks tk;sA
pkSFkh] jkWYl osQ U;k; ij fopkj gkWCl rFkk ykWd osQ lkekftd le>kSrs osQ fl¼kUr dh ijEijk ij vk/kfjr gSA
bl fl¼kUr osQ vuqlkj] jktuhfrd vkKkikyu dks le>us osQ fy,] gesa bl fLFkfr dh dYiuk djuh pkfg, fd
ljdkj vFkok O+kQkuwu osQ vUrxZr fdUgha laxfBr lekt ls igys O;fDr oSQlk Fkk vkSj fiQj ;g loky iwNs (i) fd
fdu dkj.kksa us O;fDr dks ,d laxfBr lekt cukus osQ fy, izfjr fd;k gksxk (ii) bl izko~Q&jktuhfrd voLFkk
esa vius ijLij lkekftd lEcU/ksa dks funsZf'kr djus osQ fy, fdu fl¼kUrksa dks pquk gksxkA lkekftd le>kSrs
esa rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa tks bls fof'k"V cukrh gS% (i) izkd&jktuhfrd voLFkk (ii) jktuhfrd O;oLFkk tks yksxksa
us izkd&jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls fudyus osQ fy, cukbZ rFkk (iii) og okLrfod O;oLFkk tks fd vU;k;iw.kZ gS
ftlosQ vUrxZr vc ge jg jgs gSaA blh ozQe esa jkWYl us vius fl¼kUr esa rhu voLFkkvksa dh ckr dh gS (i) ewy
fLFkfr (original position), (ii) U;k;iw.kZ lkekftd O;oLFkk ftldk <k¡pk U;k; osQ nks fl¼kUrksa osQ lanHkZ esa
Li"V fd;k x;k gS] (iii) okLrfod lekt (actual society)A
D;ksafd jkWYl dk fl¼kar gkWCl] ykWd dh HkkfUr lkekftd le>kSrs ij vk/kfjr gS] vr% jkWYl Hkh izko~Q izkÑfrd
voLFkk (pre-social state of nature) dh ckr djrk gS ftlesa yksx lgefr osQ vk/kj ij ml lekt dk
Lo:i fuf'pr djsaxs ftlesa os jguk ilan djsaxs tks fu"i{k p;u dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa U;k;laxr gksxk (which

will be just under conditions of impartial choice)A bl lanHkZ esa jkWYl dbZ vuqeku yxkrs gSaA
igyk] lHkh yksx ,d&nwljs osQ izfr mnklhu gksrs gSaA tc rd muosQ O;fDrxr fgrksa dh iwfrZ gksrh jgrh gS os
u rks nwljksa osQ dk;ksZa esa n[ky nsrs gSa vkSj u gh ,d&nwljs ls bZ";kZ vuqHko djrs gSaA nwljk] ,d u;s lekt osQ
ckjs esa fu.kZ; ysrs gq, lHkh vius&vius fgrkssa dh vf/dre larqf"V dk izko/ku djuk pkgsxas tSls vf/dkj]
lekurk] volj] /u vkfnA rhljk] os lHkh ^vufHkKrk osQ insZ* (veil of ignorance) esa gksaxs tks mUgsa nwljksa
dh {kerkvksa dh tkudkjh ls oafpr j[ksxkA le>kSrs dh bl fLFkfr dks jkWYl ewy voLFkk (original position)
dk uke nsrk gS ftlesa izR;sd O;fDr O;fDrxr le>nkjh (individual wisdom) rFkk lkekU; vufHkKrk
(general ignorance) dh fLFkfr esa gSA pkSFkk] gkykafd os vufHkKrk osQ insZ osQ ihNs gh gS] fiQj Hkh mUgsa
bl ckr dk Kku gS fd euq"; dks vius vrhr dk Lej.k gS] os vius Hkfo"; osQ ckjs esa dYiuk dj ldrs gSa
rFkk orZeku voLFkk esa vU; O;fDr vkSj oLrqvksa osQ lkFk vknku&iznku dj ldrs gSaA mUgsa bl ckr dk Kku gS
fd yksxksa osQ fofo/ fgr ,oa ;ksX;rk,¡ gksrh gSaA mUgsa ml lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh Kku gS ftuesa yksx
vDlj fyIr jgrs gSa (tSls yksx chekj vFkok lsgrean gks ldrs gSa xjhc vFkok vehj] f'kf{kr vFkok vufHkK]
oqQ'ky vFkok voqQ'ky] ½.kxzLr vFkok ½.keqDr] ,d izkÑfrd okrkoj.k vFkok nwf"kr okrkoj.k] Lora=k vFkok
nkl vkfnA)

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