Page 204 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—10: U;k;

;gk¡ ;g iz'u mBk;k tk ldrk gS fd jkWYl us lkekftd le>kSrs dh /kj.kk dks D;ksa viuk;kA lkekftd le>kSrs uksV
osQ fl¼kar dks viukus dk ewy dkj.k ;g n'kkZuk Fkk fd U;k; osQ fu;e tks lekt osQ ewy <kaps dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSa] okLro esa vke yksxksa dh lgefr ij vk/kfjr gksus pkfg,A ;s os fu;e gSa tks LorU=k ,oa foosd'khy yksx
vius fgrksa dks vkxs c<+kus osQ mís'; ls ewy fLFkfr esa Lohdkj djsaxsA oSQyh osQ vuqlkj] jkWYl }kjk viuk;k x;k
lkekftd le>kSrs dk fl¼kar bl ekU;rk ij vk/kfjr gS fd jktuhfrd rFkk lkekftd izca/ rHkh oS/ gksaxs ;fn
lekt dk fuekZ.k fu"i{k lkekftd lg;ksx dh LoSfPNd ;kstuk osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa O;fDr;ksa
dks LorU=k ,oa leku ekuk tk;sA jkWYl osQ fy, le>kSrs dh /kj.kk dkiQh xEHkhj gS D;kasfd ;g ,d ,slk vkSfpR;
iznku djuk gS tks O;fDr;ksa osQ Lora=k ,oa leku gksus dh /kj.kk osQ lkFk lek;ksftr gSA la{ksi esa] lkekftd
le>kSrk dkYifud gksrs gq, Hkh nks mís';ksa dh iwfrZ djrk gSµ(i) ;g U;k; osQ nks fl¼kar pquus esa lgk;rk djrk
gS rFkk (ii) ;g n'kkZus dk iz;Ru djrk gS fd yksxksa dks bu nks fl¼karksa osQ vUrxZr nh xbZ 'krksZa dks D;ksa Lohdkj
djuk pkfg,A
U;k; osQ nks fu;e (Two Principles of Justice)

mijksDr ifjdYiukvksa ij vk/kfjr vkSj volj feyus ij] ,d u;s lekt osQ fuekZ.k osQ lanHkZ esa] izR;sd O;fDr
vius fgrksa esa o`f¼ djuk pkgsxkA ijUrq D;ksafd ^vufHkKrk osQ insZ* osQ dkj.k og vius vkSj nwljksa osQ fgrksa esa
varj ugha dj ldrk_ vr% og oqQN ,sls fu;eksa dk leFkZu djuk pkgsxk tks izR;sd O;fDr dks vius vf/dre
fodkl djus dk volj iznku djsA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] izR;sd O;fDr ,d ,sls lekt dk fuekZ.k djuk pkgsxk tks
mldh gkfu;ksa dks de ls de djs vkSj tks ;g vk'oklu ns fd xjhc ls xjhc O;fDr Hkh fujkJ; ugha gksxk
(D;ksafd gks ldrk gS dy dks dgha ogh xjhc u gks tk;s)A jkWYl bl fu;e dks vf/drerk dk fu;e
(Maximization Principle) dk uke nsrs gSa D;kasfd ;g U;wure dY;k.k dks vf/dre lhek rd izkIr djuk
pkgrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] bu yksxksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh nkl izFkk osQ lekt esa ugha jguk pkgsxk D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh
O;fDr nkl cuuk ilan ugha djsxkA (;g ckr vyx gS fd gks ldrk gS dy dks og ekfyd gh cu tk;s)A

vr% vius fgrksa dks vf/dre lhek rd vkxs c<+krs gq, vkSj ewy inkFkksZa (Primary Goods) dk forj.k djus
osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls] jkWYl osQ vuqlkj] yksx U;k; osQ nks fu;e pqusaxs%
(1) izR;sd O;fDr dks O;kid Lrj ij ekSfyd Lora=krkvksa dk ,slk leku vf/dkj tks nwljksa osQ blh
leku vf/dkj osQ vuq:i gks rFkk
(2) lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa dks bl rjg ozQec¼ fd;k tk;s fd os nksuksa (A) volj dh
fu"i{k lekurk osQ varxZr in rFkk izfr"Bk dh izkfIr lHkh osQ fy, lqyHk gks rFkk (B) lekt osQ U;wure

lqfo/k izkIr yksxksa dks vf/dre ykHk igq¡pk;saA
(1) Each person to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible
with similar liberties of others and
(2) Social and economic inequalities are to be so arranged that both are (A) attached to
positions and offices open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity and (B)
to the greatest benefit to the last advantaged.

U;k; osQ ;s fl¼kUr fo"k;dks'k izkFkfedrk (lexical priority) osQ ozQe ij vk/kfjr gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd
leku Lora=krk dk igyk fl¼kUr izkFkfedrk osQ ozQe ls igys LFkku ij gSA nwljs uEcj ij ^leku volj dk
fl¼kUr* (2A) rFkk rhljs uEcj ij lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa ij vk/kfjr Hksnewyd fl¼kUr (2B)
vk;sxkA jkWYl osQ vuqlkj ;gk¡ è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd igyk fl¼kUr rkfdZd n`f"Vdks.k ls nwljs fl¼kUr

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