Page 205 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kUr

uksV ls Å¡pk gS vFkkZr~ U;k; dh izkfIr osQ fy, nwljs fl¼kUr 2A rFkk 2B rd igq¡pus ls igys fl¼kUr 1 dks iwjh
rjg ls ykxw djuk vfuok;Z gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] izFke fl¼kUr dk nwljs fl¼kUr ij rkfoZQd ojh;rk dk vfHkizk;
gS fd fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ ewy vf/dkjksa osQ mYya?ku dks ;g roZQ nsdj mfpr ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk fd bl
izdkj osQ mYya?ku ls lkekftd@vkfFkZd ykHk gksxkA blh rjg nwljs fl¼kUr dk rkfdZd fu;e gS igys volj
dh mfpr lekurk dks ykxw djuk rFkk blosQ i'pkr~ Hksnewyd fl¼kUr rd igq¡pukA vFkkZr~ U;k; dh fn'kk esa
Hksnewyd fl¼kUr dks larq"V djus ls igys volj dh mfpr lekurk osQ fl¼kUr dks larq"V djuk vko';d gSA
vkb;s vc ge bu fl¼kUrksa dh O;k[;k djsaA

igyk fl¼kUr (First principle)

jkWYl osQ vuqlkj U;k; dk igyk fl¼kUr] vFkkZr~ leku Lora=krk dk fl¼kUr] nksuksa fl¼kUr esa izFke Js.kh dk
fl¼kUr gS ftls nwljs fl¼kUr ls igys larq"V fd;k tkuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ Lora=krk ij dksbZ Hkh lhek osQoy Lora=krk
osQ lanHkZ esa gh yxkbZ tk ldrh gS] /u vFkok vk; esa o`f¼ djus osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls ughaA tSlk jkWYl fy[krs gSa]
fcuk i;kZIr dkj.kksa osQ (O;fDr osQ) O;ogkj osQ fo#¼ O+kQkuwuh rFkk vU; lhek,¡ yxkuk vke /kj.kk gS ijUrq
;g /kj.kk fdlh fo'ks"k Lora=krk osQ fy, dksbZ fof'k"V izkFkfedrk dk fuekZ.k ugha djrhA blosQ foijhr] Lora=krk
dh izkFkfedrk dk vFkZ gS fd U;k; dk igyk fl¼kUr ewy Lora=krkvksa dks fo'ks"k LFkku nsrk gSA lkoZtfud
dY;k.k rFkk iw.kZrkoknh ewY;ksa osQ fy, budk egÙo loksZPp gSA blesa leku Lora=krkvksa ls fdlh Hkh lkekftd
leqnk; dks osQoy blfy, oafpr ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd mudh ;g Lora=krk vkfFkZd fuiq.krk rFkk fodkl ls
lEcfU/r uhfr;ksa esa ck/k Mkyrh gSA Lora=krk dh izkFkfedrk dk vfHkizk; gS fd ewy Lora=krk osQoy fdlh vU;
Lora=krk esa o`f¼ osQ lanHkZ esa gh lhfer ;k oafpr dh tk ldrh gSA la{ksi esa] ;s ewy Lora=krk,¡% (i) fopkj dh
Lora=krk] (ii) vUr%dj.k dh Lora=krk (blesa /kfeZd] nk'kZfud Lora=krk rFkk bl fo'o osQ izfr gekjs uSfrd
fopkj Hkh fufgr gSA)] (iii) jktuhfrd Lora=krk;saA ;s Lora=krk;sa izfrfuf/&iztkrkaf=kd laLFkkvksa] Hkk"k.k] vfHkO;fDr
rFkk izsl dh Lora=krk rFkk bdV~Bs gksus dh Lora=krk dh ek¡x djrh gS] (iv) laxBu cukus dh Lora=krk]
(v) O;fDrRo dh Lora=krk ,oa v[kaMrkA budk vFkZ gS nklrk rFkk Ñf"knklrk ls eqfDr] vkokxeu dh Lora=kr]
O;olk; pquus dh Lora=krk rFkk (vi) O+kQkuwu osQ 'kklu osQ vUrxZr vkus okys vf/dkj ,oa Lora=krk;saA blosQ
vfrfjDr bu ewy Lora=krkvksa esa jkWYl ftUgsa fufgr djrk gS] os gSa O;fDrxr laifÙk j[kus rFkk mldk mi;ksx djus
dk vuU; vf/dkjA ,slk blfy, gS fd ;g Lora=krk O;fDrxr Lora=krk rFkk vkRe&lEeku dh Hkkouk dk vk/kj
gSA rFkkfi bu ewy Lora=krkvksa esa nks O;kid /kj.kkvksa dks fufgr ugha fd;k x;kµ vf/xzg.k ,oa olh;r lEcU/h
oqQN vf/dkj] mRiknu osQ lk/uksa ,oa izkÑfrd lk/uksa osQ LokfeRo dk vf/dkj rFkk mRIkknu osQ lk/uksa rFkk
izkÑfrd lk/uksa osQ fu;a=k.k esa Hkkxsnkjh dk vf/dkj tks] jkWYl osQ vuqlkj] lkekftd laifÙk gksus pkfg,A ;s ewy
Lora=krk;sa gesa (i) U;k; osQ fu;eksa dks le>us] ykxw djus rFkk ikyu djus dh {kerk osQ ;ksX; cukrh gS rFkk
(ii) vPNkbZ dh /kj.kk dk fuekZ.k djus] mlesa la'kks/u djus rFkk mls izkIr djus osQ ;ksX; cukrh gSA

nwljk fl¼kUr (Second Principle)
lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa osQ izac/ ls lEcfU/r U;k; osQ nwljs fl¼kUr dk vFkZ gS fd lekt oqQN
,sls dk;ZØe Hkh vkjEHk dj ldrk gS ftlesa oqQN yksxksa dks nwljksa dh vis{kk vf/d 'kfDr] vk; rFkk lEeku
fn;k tk;sA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] mPp izca/dksa rFkk fo'ks"kKksa vFkok ys[kkdkjksa dks vke e”knwjksa vFkok Dydks± vkfn
ls vf/d osru vFkok lqfo/k;sa nh tk;sa] c'krsZ fd ;s bu nks 'krksZ dks iwjk djs% (i) ,sls dk;ZozQeksa ls mu yksxksa
osQ thou esa lq/kj vk;s ftudk thou bl le; cnrj gS vFkkZr blls lekt osQ izR;sd O;fDr osQ thou Lrj
esa lq/kj gks rFkk lekt osQ fuEure oxZ osQ yksxksa dk muosQ dY;k.k osQ vuq:i l'kDrhdj.k gks rFkk (ii) lekt
osQ ;s fo'ks"kkf/dkjh in volj dh mfpr lekurk osQ vk/kj ij lHkh osQ fy, [kqys gks] vFkkZr~ os fdUgha csiQtwy

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