Page 210 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—10: U;k;

(1) gLRkkarj.k dk fu;e (Principle of Transfer): tks oLrq U;k;iw.kZ <ax ls vftZr dh xbZ gS] mldk uksV
viuh ethZ ls gLrkarj.k gks ldrk gS]
(2) U;k;iw.kZ izkjafHkd vtZu dk fl¼kUr (Principle of Just Acquisition): gLrkajr.k ;ksX;
oLrqvksa dks yksx izkjafHkd Lrj ij oSQls izkIr djrs gSa rFkk
(3) vU;k; osQ ifj"dkj dk fl¼kUr (Principle of Rectification of Justice):

vU;k;iw.kZ <ax ls izkIr dh xbZ ;k gLrkarfjr dh xbZ izkfIr;ksa ls oSQls fuiVk tk;sA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn esjs ikl tehu dk ,d VqdM+k gS] rks igys fu;e osQ vuqlkj eSa mls viuh ethZ ls fdlh
dks Hkh gLrkarfjr dj ldrk gw¡_ nwljk fu;e ek¡x djrk gS fd ;g Hkwfe dk VqdM+k eSaus oSQls vftZr fd;k] vFkkZr~]
;g U;k;iw.kZ rjhosQ ls vftZr fd;k x;k gksuk pkfg,_ vkSj rhljk fl¼kUr ;g crk;k gS fd ;fn igys nks fl¼kUrksa
esa dgha mYya?ku gqvk gS rks mudk ifj"dkj oSQls fd;k tk;sA rhuksa fu;eksa dks ;fn ge feyk nsa rks ,slk dgk
tk ldrk gS fd ^;fn yksxksa dh oLrq,¡ vkxs laifÙk U;k;iw.kZ rjhosQ ls vftZr dh xbZ gSa rks U;k;iw.kZ forj.k dk
fl¼kUr gksxkµ ^izR;sd O;fDr ls mldh bPNkuqlkj fy;k tk;s rFkk izR;sd O;fDr dks mlosQ p;u osQ
vuqlkj fn;k tk;s* (From each as they choose, to each as they are chosen.)A
vc loky ;g gS fd uksf”kd dk vkf/dkfjd U;k; dk fl¼kUr D;ksa Lohdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ fy,
uksf”kd nks roZQ nsrs gSa% (1) laifÙk dk mUeqDr gLrkarj.k vf/d vkd"kZd gS (Free exercise of property
is more attractive); rFkk (2) laifÙk dk vf/dkj ^vkRe&LokfeRo* esa fufgr gS (Property right lies

in self-ownership)A
igys roZQ&fd laifÙk dk mUeqDr gLrkarj.k vf/d vkd"kZd gSµosQ vuqlkj] ;fn geus dksbZ oLrq mfpr <ax ls
vftZr ;k izkIr dh gS rks bl ij gesa iw.kZ LokfeRo dk vf/dkj gSA bls tSlk ge pkgsa csp ldrs gSa] pkgs bl
foozQ; ls gksus okys gLrkarj.k osQ ifj.kke lekt esa vR;f/d vleku vk; vFkok voljksa dks tUe nsa] D;ksafd
lekt esa oqQN O;fDr csgjr izkÑfrd ;ksX;rkvksa osQ lkFk iSnk gksrs gSa] vr% mudh ;ksX;rk osQ vuqlkj mUgsa vf/d
iqjLÑr fd;k tkuk LokHkkfod gS vkSj ftudh ;ksX;rk ck”kkj esa fcdkÅ ugha gSa mUgsa vis{kkÑr de iQy feysxk
izkÑfrd ;ksX;rkvksa esa varj gksus osQ dkj.k oqQN O;fDr le`¼ gks ldrs gSa tcfd vU; Hkw[ks ej ldrs gSaA ;g
vlekurk;sa] uksf”kd osQ vuqlkj] mUeqDr iw¡thokn osQ laHkkfor ifj.kke gSaA uksf”kd dk dguk gS fd ge dksbZ Hkh
izkjafHkd forj.k] ftls ge mfpr le>rs gSa] dk ekunaM fuf'pr dj ysa vkSj blosQ ckn ;fn yksxksa esa ijLij
mUeqDr fofue; fiQj vlekurkvksa dks tUe nsrs gSa] rks osQoy U;k;laxr gh ugha gksaxs cfYd tks bl fofue; osQ
ifj.kkeLo:i vehj gks x;s gSa mu ij forj.kkRed U;k; osQ uke ij VSDl yxkuk vU;k;iw.kZ gksxkA uksf”kd osQ
vuqlkj] ^fdlh Hkh O;fDr dk ,slh oLrq ij dksbZ vf/dkj ugha gS ftls izkIr djus osQ fy, mls mu oLrqvksa vkSj
lsokvksa dks iz;ksx djuk iM+s ftu ij nwljs O;fDr;ksa dk vf/dkj gS¸ (No one has a right to something
whose realization requires certain uses of things and activities that other people have
rights and entitlements over)A gkykafd blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd lkekftd lg;ksx osQ ykHkksa ls oafpr
gksdj vuqfpr vlekurkvksa dk f'kdkj gksuk vU;k;iw.kZ gS] ijUrq leL;k ;g gS fd nwljs O;fDr;ksa dks Hkh viuh
dekbZ gqbZ vk; vkSj laifÙk dk vf/dkj gS ftls fdlh Hkh voLFkk esa Nhuuk xyr gSA
vkf/dkfjd U;k; dk nwljk roZQ gSµ ^vkRe&LokfeRo dk fl¼kUr*A uksf”kd osQ vuqlkj O;fDr vius&vkiesa ,d
lkè; gSA O;fDr osQ oqqqQN vf/dkj gSa vkSj vU; O;fDr vFkok lekt budk mYya?ku ugha dj ldrsA lekt dk
dÙkZO; gS fd og O;fDr osQ bu vf/dkjksa dk vknj djsa D;kssafd ;g bl ckr dk izrhd gS fd O;fDr ,d lkè;

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