Page 44 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—2: 'kfDr ,oa lÙkk

djus okys v/huLFkksa osQ chp lgefr ij vk/kfjr lEcU/ksa dks tUe nsrh gSA bl n`f"V ls lkbeu dh ifjHkk"kk uksV
vf/d egÙoiw.kZ gSA mlosQ vuqlkj] ¶vf/dkj lÙkk] fu.kZ; ysus ,oa vU; O;fDr;ksa dh fØ;kvksa dks ekxZnf'kZr
djus dh 'kfDr gSA ;g nks O;fDr;ksa osQ chp mPpkf/dkjh ,oa v/huLFk dk lEcU/ gSA mPpkf/dkjh fu.kZ; ysrk
gS vkSj vk'kk djrk gS fd v/huLFk }kjk mldk ikyu fd;k tk,xkA v/huLFk ,sls gh fu.kZ;ksa dh vk'kk djrs
gSa vkSj muosQ O;ogkj bu fu.kZ;ksa ls fu/kZfjr gksrs gSaA¸
bl izdkj lÙkk osQ nks i{k gSa% izFke] fu.kZ; ysus vkSj vkns'k nsus okyh mPp 'kfDr rFkk f}rh;] mPp 'kfDr dks
izkIr v/huLFkksa dh lgefrA bu nksuksa rRoksa dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, vius 'kCnksa esa lÙkk dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k tk ldrk gS%
¶vf/dkj&lÙkk] fu.kZ; ysus] vkns'k nsus rFkk mudk ikyu djokus dh og 'kfDr] fLFkfr ;k vf/dkj gS] ftls
v/huLFkksa }kjk Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj laxBukRed y{;ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, v/huLFkksa }kjk ftldk ikyu
vko';d gksrk gSA¸

2-2-1 lÙkk dh izÑfr (The Nature of Authority)

lÙkk dh izÑfr osQ lEcU/ esa fopkj Hksn gS vkSj bl lEcU/ esa izeq[k :i ls nks fl¼kUrksa dk izfriknu fd;k
x;k gSA ;s nksuksa gh fl¼kUr izks- chp (Beach) }kjk izfrikfnr fd;s x;s gSa tks fuEu izdkj gSa%
1. vkSipkfjd lÙkk fl¼kUr (Formal Theory)&bl fl¼kUr osQ vuqlkj lÙkk dks vkns'k nsus dk vf/dkj
ekuk tkrk gS vkSj lÙkk dk izokg Åij ls uhps dh vksj pyrk gSA ;g vf/dkj O;oLFkkvksa ,oa laxBuksa esa fof'k"V
,oa ofj"B vf/dkfj;ksa dks fn;k tkrk gS vkSj blls vkns'k ;k lÙkk dk inØe cu tkrk gSA
lÙkk osQ ihNs O;oLFkk ;k laxBu dh vkSfpR;iw.kZ 'kfDr gksrh gSA bl 'kfDr osQ dkj.k mls Lohdkj fd;k tkrk
gSA lÙkk vko';d :i ls lÙkk/kjh dh O;fDrxr Js"Brk dks ugha crykrhA lÙkk/kjh rks O;oLFkk ;k laXkBu esa
vUrfuZfgr 'kfDr dk dk;Z'khy izrhd ek=k gSA eSdkboj us bls ^'kklu dk tknw* dgk gS fd ,d O;fDr tks
vkns'k nsrk gS] og Hkys gh vius v/huLFkksa ls vf/d cqf¼eku u gks] vf/d ;ksX; u gks vkSj fdlh Hkh n`f"V
ls vius lkekU; lkfFk;ksa ls Js"B u gks] dHkh&dHkh rks mldk Lrj bu lcls ghu Hkh gks ldrk gS] ysfdu og
lÙkk dh fLFkfr esa gksus osQ dkj.k vkns'k&funsZ'k nsrk gS vkSj mlosQ vkns'kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA
2. LohÑfr fl¼kUr (Acceptance Theory)&O;ogkjoknh ;k ekuo lEcU/oknh vkSipkfjd lÙkk fl¼kUr esa
fo'okl u j[krs gq, ^LohÑfr fl¼kUr* dk izfriknu djrs gSaA bu ;FkkFkZoknh vè;;udrkZvksa osQ vuqlkj] lÙkk
dkuwuh :i ls rks osQoy vkSipkfjd gksrh gS] fdUrq okLro esa lÙkk ;k vkns'k osQ vf/dkj dh liQyrk v/huLFkksa
dh LohÑfr ij fuHkZj djrh gSA tc v/huLFk viuh le> vkSj ;ksX;rk osQ nk;js esa vkns'kksa dks Lohdkj dj
ysrs gSa rks ;g fLFkfr ^lÙkk fLFkfr* cu tkrh gSA cukZMZ viuh jpuk ‘The Functions of the Executive’
esa fy[krs gSa fd v/huLFk vkns'kksa dks Lohdkj djsa] blosQ fy, pkj 'krs± iwjh gksuh vko';d gSa% (i) v/huLFk
vf/dkjh vkns'k vFkok lwpuk dks le>rk ;k le> ldrk gks] (ii) vius fu'p; djus osQ le; mldk ;g
fo'okl gks fd vkns'k laxBu osQ mís';ksa osQ lkFk vlaxr ugha gS] (iii) fu.kZ; ysus osQ le; esa og ;g lksprk
gks fd ,d lexzrk osQ :i esa lEcfU/r vkns'k mlosQ O;fDrxr fgrksa osQ vuqowQy gS rFkk (iv) og ekufld
vkSj 'kkjhfjd n`f"V ls ml vkns'k osQ vuqikyu dh {kerk j[krk gksA
oLrqr% lÙkk dh izÑfr osQ lEcU/ esa izfrikfnr bu nksuksa gh fl¼kUrksa dh viuh nqcZyrk,¡ gSa vkSj bUgsa vfroknh
dgk tk ldrk gSA bu nksuksa fl¼kUrksa dh lR;rkvksa dks xzg.k djrs gq, ,d lUrqfyr n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl gqvk
gS] ftlosQ vUrxZr lÙkk dh vo/kj.kk esa laLFkkÑr vkSfpR;iw.kZ 'kfDr vkSj v/huLFkksa dh LohÑfr nksuksa dks
egÙoiw.kZ LFkku iznku fd;k x;k gSA ;gh mfpr n`f"Vdks.k gS vkSj jktuhfr foKku esa lkekU;r;k blh dks viuk;k
x;k gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 39