Page 14 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

bdkbZ—1:Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh izLrkouk

vkSj vko';d Fkha] Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa 'kkfey djus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj os dkI + kQh lhek rd vius bl mís'; uksV
esa liQy Hkh jgsA lafoèkku fuekZ.k lHkk esa cksyrs gq, Mk- vEcsMdj us dgk Fkk fd ¶eSa le>rk gw¡ fd ;g
(lafo/ku) O;ogkj&oqQ'ky gS] ;g ypdhyk gS vkSj ;g veu vkSj ;q¼ nksuksa le; ij ns'k dks ,dtqV j[kus
osQ fy, dkI + kQh 'kfDr'kkyh gSA lR; gh eSa ;g dg ldrk gwa] ;fn lafoèkku osQ vèkhu ifjfLFkfr;ka nwf"kr gks tkrh
gSa rks bldk dkj.k ;g ugha gksxk fd gekjk lafoèkku de”kksj gS] cfYd gesa ;g dguk iM+sxk fd bldk dkj.k
ekuoh; =kqfV gSA¸
Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk laf{kIr o.kZu fuEufyf[kr :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gS%
1- fyf[kr vkSj foLr`r lafoèkku (Written and Detalied Constitution): Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ,d
fyf[kr vkSj foLr`r nLrkos”k gSA blesa 444 vuqPNsn gSa tks 22 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSa blesa 12 vuqlwfp;ka 'kkfey
gSa vkSj blesa 103 laoSèkkfud la'kksèku Hkh 'kkfey fd, tk pqosQ gSaA tSfuax”k (Jennings) bldks ¶fo'o dk
lcls cM+k fyf[kr lafoèkku¸ ?kksf"kr djrs gSaA ;g vejhdh lafoèkku] ftlosQ 7 vuqPNsn vkSj 27 la'kksèku gSa]
tkikuh lafoèkku] ftlosQ 103 vuqPNsn gSa vkSj izQkalhlh lafoèkku] ftlosQ 92 vuqPNsn gSa] ls dgha cM+k gSA
lafoèkku osQ fuekZrk fdlh Hkh fo"k; osQ izfr mis{kk dk volj ugha nsuk pkgrs Fks D;ksafd os LorU=krk osQ i'pkr~
ns'k esa fo|eku lkekftd&vkfFkZd&jktuhfrd leL;kvksa osQ izfr iw.kZr;k lpsr FksA vusdksa vuqie fo'ks"krk,¡
'kkfey djus tSls jkT; uhfr osQ funsZ'kd fl¼kUr] ladVdky fLFkfr dh O;oLFkk,¡] Hkk"kk;h O;oLFkk,¡] vuqlwfpr
tkfr;ksa] tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+h Jsf.k;ksa ls lEcfUèkr O;oLFkk,¡] fuokZpu vk;ksx] la?kh; yksd lsok vk;ksx
+
(UPSC) vkSj jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksxksa vkfn tSlh laoSèkkfud laLFkkvksa dh O;oLFkkvksa us lafoèkku dks dkIkQh
yEck dj fn;kA osQUnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ fy, lk>k lafoèkku cukus osQ fu.kZ; us Hkh bldh yEckbZ c<+kbZA blosQ lkFk
gh ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa] la?k jkT; lEcUèkksa] lafoèkku dh vuqlwfp;ksa vkfn tSlh O;oLFkkvksa dks foLrkj esa fy[kus
osQ dkj.k Hkh bldk foLrkj gqvkA bUgha dkj.kksa ls lafoèkku yxHkx 400 i`"Bksa dh ,d iqLrd cu x;kA fiQj
le;≤ ij ikl gq, laoSèkkfud la'kksèkuksa us blosQ vkdkj dks vkSj vfèkd foLr`r dj fn;kA

lafoèkku osQ O;kid vkdkj osQ dkj.k gh bldh ¶odhyksa dk LoxZ¸ dg dj vkykspuk dh xbZ vkSj vfèkd 'kCnksa
osQ iz;ksx us bldks vfèkd tfVy vkSj dBksj cuk fn;kA ijUrq] tSlk fd igys gh fy[kk tk pqdk gS] lafoèkku
osQ fo'kky vkdkj dk dkj.k Fkk tgka rd laHko gks losQ izR;sd fo"k; dks Li"V :i esa fy[kus vkSj lekèkku
djus dk fu.kZ;A 1950 ls lafoèkku osQ ykxw gksus ij blosQ dk;Z&O;ogkj ls irk yxrk gS fd blosQ cgqr cM+s
vkdkj us ckèkk ugha MkyhA oqQN O;oLFkk,¡ tSls fd èkkjk 31 osQ vèkhu lEifÙk dk vfèkdkj (ftldks vc Hkkx
III esa ls fudky fn;k x;k gS) dks NksM+ dj lafoèkku osQ cM+s us bldh O;k[;k djus esa dksbZ fo'ks"k leL;k
[kM+h ugha dhA cfYd 'kkfUr vkSj ;q¼ nksuksa voljksa ij ns'k dks mÙke O;oLFkk vkSj vko';d LFkkf;Ro iznku djus
dk dk;Z fd;k gSA
2- LofufeZr vkSj ikfjr gqvk lafoèkku (Self-made and Enacted Constitution): Hkkjr dk
lafoèkku ,d ,slk lafoèkku gS tks Hkkjr osQ yksxksa dh viuh fuokZfpr izHkqlÙkkiw.kZ izfrfufèk laLFkk lafo/ku fuekZ.k
lHkk osQ }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA ;g lHkk fnlEcj] 1946 esa oSQfcusV fe'ku ;kstuk osQ vèkhu xfBr dh xbZ
FkhA blus viuk izFke vfèkos'ku 9 fnlEcj] 1946 dks fd;k vkSj 22 tuojh 1947 dks viuk mís'; izLrko
ikl fd;k FkkA blosQ i'pkr~ blus lafoèkku fuekZ.k dk dk;Z Bhd fn'kk esa rhozrk ls vkjEHk fd;k vkSj ;g
vUrr% 26 uoEcj] 1949 dks lafoèkku ikfjr djus vkSj viukus dh fLFkfr esa igqaphA bl izdkj Hkkjrh; lafo/ku
LofufeZr gS vkSj bls mfpr :i esa ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA oqQN vkykspd bl vkèkkj ij bl fopkj dks Lohdkj
ugha djrs fd lafoèkku fuekZ.k lHkk cgqr FkksM+s&ls ernkrkvksa us gh fuokZfpr dh Fkh tksfd tula[;k osQ 20
izfr'kr Hkkx ls Hkh de Fks vkSj ;g Hkh lkEiznkf;d pquko e.Myksa osQ vkèkkj ij fuokZfpr dh xbZ FkhA ijUrq
cgqr cM+h la[;k esa fo}ku~ bl vkykspuk dks Lohdkj ugha djrsA mudk dguk gS fd lafoèkku fuekZ.k lHkk iw.kZr;k

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