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bdkbZ—1:Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh izLrkouk

dks Hkh vius 'kklu osQ ,d o"kZ esa 4 la'kksèku djus iM+sA vc rd lafoèkku esa 103 la'kksèku ikl gks pqosQ gSaA uksV
vkSj 86 la'kksèku fcy ikl fd, tkus dh izfozQ;k esa gSaA
8- ekSfyd vfèkdkj (Fundamental Rights): Hkkx III esa vuqPNsn 12&35 osQ vèkhu Hkkjr dk
lafoèkku vius ukxfjdksa dks ekSfyd vfèkdkj iznku djrk gSA vkjEHk esa 7 ekSfyd vfèkdkj fn, x, Fks ijUrq
ckn esa ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh Js.kh esa ls (42oha laoSèkkfud la'kksèku 1976 }kjk) lEifÙk dk vfèkdkj lekIr
dj fn;k x;k vkSj bl izdkj ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh la[;k ?kV dj 6 jg xbZ gSA ijUrq izR;sd ekSfyd vfèkdkj
esa cgqr&ls vfèkdkj vkSj LorU=krk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA ukxfjdksa osQ 6 ekSfyd vfèkdkj fuEufyf[kr gSa%
(i) lekurk dk vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 14&18) [Right to Equality (Article 14-18)]: blosQ
vuqlkj] dkuwu osQ lkeus lHkh ukxfjd leku gSa] blesa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk HksnHkko u fd, tkus dh O;oLFkk
dh xbZ gSA lHkh dks leku volj iznku djus] Nwr&Nkr dh oqQizFkk lekIr djus vkSj mikfèk;ka lekIr djus dh
O;oLFkk Hkh dh xbZ gSA

(ii) LorU=krk dk vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 19&22) [Right to Freedom (Article 19-22)]: vuqPNsn
19 esa 6 ekSfyd LorU=krk,¡ 'kkfey gSa&Hkk"k.k nsus vkSj vius fopkjksa dks izdV djus dh LorU=krk] laxBu@laLFkk,¡
LFkkfir djus dh LorU=krk] fcuk 'kL=k fy, 'kkfUriwoZd lHkk,¡ djus dh LorU=krk] Hkkjr esa lHkh LFkkuksa ij ?kweus
dh LorU=krk] fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa tkdj clus dh LorU=krk vkSj dksbZ Hkh O;olk;] O;kikj ;k jks”kxkj viukus dh
LorU=krkA vuqPNsn 20 O;fDrxr LorU=krk vkSj vfHk;qDrksa osQ vfèkdkjksa dks lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA vuqPNsn 21
O;oLFkk djrk gS fd dkuwu osQ vuqlkj dh tkus okyh fdlh dk;Zokgh osQ fcuk fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks thfor
jgus vkSj LorU=krk osQ vfèkdkj ls foghu ugha j[kk tk ldrkA vc 86osa laoSèkkfud la'kksèku esa 21&A èkkjk
'kkfey dh xbZ ftlosQ }kjk 6 ls 14 o"kZ rd dh vk;q osQ cPpksa dks f'k{kk dk vf/dkj iznku fd;k x;k gSA
vuqPNsn 22 osQ vèkhu jkT; }kjk fdlh O;fDr dh fxjÝrkjh osQ lEcUèk esa izkoèkku ntZ fd, x, gSa rkfd fdlh
Hkh ukxfjd dh LorU=krk dks LosPNkpkjh <ax ls iqfyl lhfer u dj losQA

(iii) 'kks"k.k osQ fo#¼ vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 23&24) (Right against Exploitation): ;g ekSfyd
vfèkdkj vkSjrksa dks [kjhn&csp] csxkj (caèkqvkJe) vkSj [krjs okys LFkkuksa ij cky e”knwjh dh eukgh djrk gSA
(iv) èkeZ dh LorU=krk dk vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 25&28) (Right to Freedom of Religion)

(Articles 25-28): bl vfèkdkj esa psruk] èkeZ vkSj ikB&iwtk dh LorU=krk 'kkfey gSA ;g lHkh èkeks± dks
vius&vius èkkfeZd LFkkuksa dk fuekZ.k djus vkSj budks pykus dh LorU=krk nsrk gSA vuqPNsn 27 esa ;g O;oLFkk
dh xbZ gS fd fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks fdlh èkeZ osQ izpkj osQ fy, iSlk ,df=kr djus osQ fy, dksbZ dj nsus osQ
fy, foo'k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA jkT; fdlh Hkh èkeZ osQ fy, dksbZ dj ugha yxk ldrk vkSj vuqnku nsrs le;
jkT; èkeZ osQ vkèkkj ij dksbZ i{kikr ugha dj ldrkA vuqPNsn 28 ljdkjh vkSj ljdkjh lárk ysus okys LowQyksa
vkSj dkWytksa esa èkkfeZd f'k{kk nsus dh eukgh djrk gSA
(v) lkaLo`Qfrd vkSj 'kSf{kd vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 29&30) (Cultural and Educational Rights)

(Articles 29-30): bl osQ vèkhu lafoèkku esa vYila[;dksa osQ vfèkdkjksa] mudh Hkk"kkvksa vkSj laLo`Qfr;ksa dks
lqjf{kr j[kus vkSj fodflr djus dh O;oLFkk gSA ;g mudks viuh f'k{kk laLFkk,¡ LFkkfir djus] cuk, j[kus vkSj
pykus dk vfèkdkj Hkh nsrk gSA
(vi) laoSèkkfud mipkjksa dk vfèkdkj (vuqPNsn 32) (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
(Art. 32): ;g ekSfyd vfèkdkj iw.kZ vfèkdkj i=k dh vkRek gSA ;g U;k;ky;ksa osQ }kjk ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dks
ykxw djus vkSj mudh lqj{kk djus dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA ;g loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ekSfyd vf/dkj ykxw djus
osQ fy, vko';d funsZ'k vkSj vkns'k tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA

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