Page 23 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV fdUrq okLro esa jk"Vªifr osQ ;s vfèkdkj izèkkueU=kh vkSj efU=ke.My osQ vfèkdkj gSA
jk"Vªh; ladVdky dh fLFkfr esa okLrfod :i esa leLr 'kklu iz.kkyh ,dkRed cu tkrh gS vkSj jk"Vªifr
vuqPNsn 19 esa 'kkfey ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa vkSj lafoèkkuksa osQ vuqPNsnksa 32 vkSj 226 osQ vèkhu mudks ykxw djus
dh O;oLFkk dks LFkfxr dj ldrk gSA ijUrq ladVdkyhu fLFkfr esa 'kfDr iz;ksx djus osQ lEcUèk esa oqQN fo'ks"k
fuèkkZfjr fu;e vkSj dbZ lhek,¡ yxkbZ xbZ gSaA jk"Vªifr] osQoy izèkkueU=kh vkSj efU=ke.My dh fyf[kr flI + kQkfj'k
ij gh ladVdkyhu fLFkfr dh ?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; ladVdky dh fLFkfr esa] (;g O;oLFkk 44osa la'kksèku
osQ }kjk dh xbZ gSA) izR;sd ladVdkyhu fLFkfr osQ ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kk dks ,d fuèkkZfjr le; esa laln ls
Loho`Qfr ysuh vko';d gksrh gSA 1952 ls ysdj jk"Vªifr }kjk jk"Vªh; ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;ksa (jk"Vªh; ladVdky
fLFkfr vkSj laoSèkkfud ladVdky fLFkfr) dk iz;ksx dbZ ckj fd;k tk pqdk gSA
ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;ksa dk mís'; yksxksa vkSj jkT; osQ fgrksa dh j{kk djuk gS vkSj blfy, budk fojksèk ugha fd;k
tk ldrkA ijUrq ;g laHkkouk cuh jgrh gS fd osQUnzh; dk;Zikfydk (ljdkj) jktuhfrd mís';ksa osQ fy, budk
nq#i;ksx dj ldrh gS] fo'ks"k :i esa vuqPNsn 356 dk osQUnz nq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1975 esa vkarfjd

dkj.kksa ls ladVdky fLFkfr ykxw djuk Jherh bfUnjk xkaèkh osQ }kjk dh xbZ ,d lÙkkoknh dk;Zokgh gh Fkh vkSj
bl dk;Zokgh osQ fy, yksxksa us mudks vkSj mudh dkaxzsl ikVhZ dks 1977 dh pqukoksa esa cqjh rjg gjk dj n.M
fn;kA blh izdkj osQUnz ljdkj osQ }kjk laoSèkkfud ladVdkyhu fLFkfr dh O;oLFkk dk iz;ksx oqQN ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa fu'p; gh LosPNkpkjh :i esa fd;k tkrk jgk gSA vr% laoSèkkfud izfrcUèkksa osQ ckotwn ladVdkyhu 'kfDr;ksa
dh O;oLFkkvksa dk nq#i;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijUrq] ladVdky ls lEcfUèkr O;oLFkk dks lafoèkku esa 'kkfey
djus dks fdlh Hkh rjg lafoèkku fuekZ.k lHkk dh vuko';d vkSj yksdrU=k fojksèkh dk;Zokgh ugha dgk tk
ldrkA ;g jk"Vªh; lqj{kk] 'kkfUr vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fgr esa lafoèkku esa 'kkfey dh xb± gSA vko';drk budks lekIr
djus dh ugha cfYd bldk Bhd&Bhd djus dh gSA mi;qDr vej uanh Bhd gh dgrs gSa ¶jk"Vªh; ladVdkyhu
fLFkfr ls fuiVus osQ fy, osQUnzh; dk;Zikfydk dks fn, x, vfèkdkj] ,d <ax ls lkSais xbZ dkjrwlksa dh Hkjh gqbZ
og canwd gS ftldk iz;ksx ukxfjdksa dh LorU=krk dh lqj{kk vkSj budh lekfIr nksuksa osQ fy, fd;k tk ldrk
gSA blfy,] bl canwd dk iz;ksx cM+h gh lkoèkkuh ls djuk pkfg,A¸ blosQ lkFk ge ;g tksM+uk pkgsaxs fd fo'ks"k
:i esa osQUnz osQ }kjk vuqPNsn 356 dk iz;ksx mfpr vkSj dHkh&dHkkj vkSj lksp le> dj gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa bldk jktuhfrd nq#i;ksx ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
21- vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa osQ fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk,¡ (Special Provisions
relating to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes): vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr
dchyksa ls lEcfUèkr ykxksa osQ fgrksa dh lqj{kk osQ mís'; ls] lafoèkku vius Hkkx XVI esa oqQN fo'ks"k O;oLFkk,¡
djrk gSA vuqPNsn 330 muosQ fy, mudh tula[;k osQ vuqikr (tgk¡ rd laHko gks losQ) esa yksdlHkk dh oqQN
LFkku vkjf{kr j[kus dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA lkFk gh ;fn jk"Vªifr ;g vuqHko djs fd ,aXyks&bafM;u leqnk; dks
lnu esa mfpr izfrfufèkRo ugha feyk rks og bl leqnk; osQ nks lnL; yksdlHkk esa euksuhr dj ldrk gSA
(vuqPNsn 331)

jkT; foèkku lHkkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj ,aXyks&bafM;u leqnk; osQ fy, lhVsa vkjf{kr
j[kus dh O;oLFkk ozQeokj èkkjk 331 vkSj 332 osQ vèkhu dh xbZ gSA 84osa laoSèkkfud la'kksèku osQ }kjk vkj{k.k
dk dk;Zdky vc 2010 rd c<+k fn;k x;k gSA vc vkj{k.k dk ykHk vU; fiNM+h Jsf.k;ksa (OBCs) dks Hkh
ns fn;k x;k gS ijUrq loksZPp U;k;ky; us fu.kZ; fn;k gS fd ukSdfj;ksa esa oqQy vkj{k.k 50 izfr'kr ls vf/d
ugha gksuk pkfg,A

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