Page 19 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa osQ vc N% ekSfyd vfèkdkj gSaA lEifÙk dk vfèkdkj vc ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh lwph ls
fudkyk gqvk gS vkSj ;g vc vuqPNsn 300&, osQ vèkhu ,d dkuwuh vfèkdkj gSA
ekSfyd vfèkdkj iznku djrs vkSj budh xkjaVh nsrs gq,] lafoèkku us bu ij dbZ viokn Hkh ykxw fd, gSaA ;g
izfrcUèk lkoZtfud 'kkfUr vkSj dkuwu O;oLFkk] uSfrdrk] jkT; dh lqj{kk vkSj Hkkjr dh izHkqlÙkk vkSj Hkw&{ks=kh;
v[k.Mrk LFkkfir j[kus osQ fgr esa ykxw fd, x, gSaA blls Hkh vfèkd bu vfèkdkjksa esa vuqPNsn 368 osQ vèkhu
crk, x, <ax osQ vuqlkj la'kksèku fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj vuqPNsn 352 osQ vèkhu jk"Vªh; ladVdky fLFkfr osQ
le; ;s LFkfxr Hkh fd, tk ldrs gSaA
(9) jk"Vªh; ekuo vfèkdkj vk;ksx vkSj ekuo vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk (The national Human
Rights Commision (NHRC) and Protection of Human Rights of the People):
Hkkjr osQ yksxksa osQ lHkh yksdrU=kh; vkSj ekuo vfèkdkjksa dks vfèkd vPNh rjg ls lqj{kk iznku djus osQ fy,
osQUnzh; laln us 1993 esa ekuo vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk osQ ckjs vfèkfu;e ikl fd;kA blosQ v/hu Hkkjr osQ ,d
lsok&eqDr U;k;kèkh'k osQ usr`Ro esa ekuo vfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk osQ fy, jk"Vªh; ekuo vfèkdkj vk;ksx LFkkfir
fd;k x;kA ;g ,d LorU=k vk;ksx gS bls yksxksa osQ ekuo vfèkdkjksa osQ mYya?ku dks jksdus osQ fy, vkSj ekuo
vfèkdkjksa dk mYya?ku fl¼ gks tkus ij ihfM+r yksxksa osQ fy, {kfriwfrZ djus dk vkns'k nsus osQ fy, ,d ukxfjd
U;k;ky; dk ntkZ izkIr gSA vke yksxksa osQ ekuo&vfèkdkjksa vkSj fgrksa dh izkfIr vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, lkoZtfud
fgr eqdíek O;oLFkk (Public Interest Litigation-PIL) Hkh egÙoiw.kZ lkèku cuh gqbZ gSA
10- ukxfjdksa osQ ekSfyd dÙkZO; (Fundamental Duties of the Citizens): lafoèkku vius Hkkx
IV&, vuqPNsn 51&, (1976 esa 42osa laoSèkkfud la'kksèku osQ }kjk 'kkfey fd, x,) osQ vèkhu ukxfjdksa osQ
fuEufyf[kr 10 ekSfyd dÙkZO; fuèkkZfjr djrk gS% (1) lafoèkku] jk"Vªh; >aMs vkSj jk"Vª xku dk vknj djuk (2)
LorU=krk osQ laxzke osQ mPp vkn'kks± ij pyuk] (3) Hkkjr dh izHkqlÙkk] ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk dks cuk, j[kuk
(4) ns'k dh lqj{kk djuk vkSj tc Hkh vko';drk iM+s jk"Vª osQ fy, viuh lsok vfiZr djuk (5) Hkkjr osQ
lHkh ykxksa dks lk>s Hkzkr`Ro dks c<+kok nsus vkSj vkSjrksa osQ eku lEeku dks pksV igq¡pkus okyh izR;sd dk;Zokgh
dh fuank djuk] (6) jk"Vª dh lk>h lkaLo`Qfrd fojklr dh lqj{kk djuk] (7) izko`Qfrd okrkoj.k dh lqj{kk
djuk vkSj tho tUrqvksa osQ izfr n;k j[kuk] (8) oSKkfud lksp ekuookn vkSj Kku vkSj 'kksèk dh Hkkouk dks
fodflr djuk] (9) lkoZtfud lEifÙk dh j{kk djuk vkSj fgalk ls nwj jguk] vkSj (10) lHkh O;fDrxr vkSj
lkewfgd xfrfofèk;ksa esa 'kkunkj izkfIr;ksa osQ fy, mRlqd jgus dk iz;kl djukA
lafoèkku dh 86osa la'kksèku osQ }kjk ekrk&firk dk ;g dÙkZO; cuk;k x;k gS fd os vius cPpksa dks vko';d
:i esa f'k{kk iznku djok,¡A

ijUrq ;g ekSfyd dÙkZO; U;k;ky;ksa osQ }kjk ykxw ugha fd, tk ldrsA funsZ'kd fl¼kUr osQ leku ;s ekSfyd
dÙkZO; Hkh laoSèkkfud uSfrdrk dk ,d Hkkx gSaA

11- jkT;&uhfr osQ funsZ'kd fl¼kUr (Directive Principles of State Policy): lafoèkku dk Hkkx
IV (vuqPNsn 36&51) jkT; uhfr osQ funsZ'kd fl¼kUrksa dk o.kZu djrk gSA ;g Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh lcls
vkn'kkZRed fo'ks"krkvksa esa ls ,d gSA lafoèkku esa ;g Hkkx 'kkfey djrs le; lafoèkku fuekZrk vk;jySaM osQ
lafoèkku vkSj xkaèkhokn vkSj isQfc;u lektokn dh fopkjèkkjkvksa ls izHkkfor gq,A
funsZ'kd fl¼kUr jkT; iz'kklu osQ fy, ;g funsZ'k tkjh djrs gSa fd og viuh uhfr;ksa osQ }kjk lkekftd&vkfFkZd
fodkl dk mís'; izkIr djsA funsZ'kd fl¼kUr jkT; dks ;g vkns'k nsrs gSa fd ;g yksxksa osQ thou fuokZg osQ fy,
mfpr lkèku iznku djs] lEifÙk dh U;k;iw.kZ ckaV lqfuf'pr djs] leku dk;Z osQ fy, leku osru] cPpksa] vkSjrksa]
Jfedksa vkSj ;qodksa osQ fgrksa dh lqj{kk djs] cq<+kik iSa'ku] lkekftd lekurk] Lo'kklh laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk djs]

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