Page 21 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV dh lHkh fo'ks"krk,¡ Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa 'kkfey gSaA ijUrq vktdy bl fo"k; ij ppkZ Hkh py jgh gS fd lalnh;
iz.kkyh osQ LFkku ij Hkkjr esa vè;{kkRed Lo:i dh iz.kkyh yk;h tkuh pkfg, fd ughaA f=k'kaoqQ lalnksa osQ
vfLrRo esa vkus osQ ;qx vkSj Hkkjrh; ny iz.kkyh dh rjyrk us oqQN fo}kuksa ij ;g izHkko Mkyk gS fd os
vè;{kkRed ljdkj dh odkyr djus yxs gSa ftlls oqQN fuf'pr le; osQ fy, ,d fLFkj ljdkj vfLrRo esa
vk losQA ebZ&twu] 1996_ vizSy] 1997 ekpZ] 1998_ vizSy] 1999 rFkk ebZ 2004 esa jk"Vª ljdkj cukus esa izLrqr
vkbZ dfBukb;ksa us ,d ckj fiQj orZeku lalnh; iz.kkyh esa vè;{krk iz.kkyh osQ de ls de oqQN rÙo viukus
dh ekax dks n`<+ fd;k gSA ijUrq bl fopkj dks jk"Vªh; Loho`Qfr feyuh vHkh 'ks"k gSA
14- o;Ld erkfèkdkj (Adult-Sufferage): Hkkjr dk lafoèkku lHkh o;Ldksa dks oksV dk vf/dkj iznku
djuk gSA izks- Jhfuoklu fy[krs gSa] ¶fdlh Hkh ;ksX;rk dh 'krZ j[ks fcuk lHkh o;Ldksa dks er dk vfèkdkj nsuk
lafoèkku fuekZ.k lHkk osQ }kjk mBk, x, lcls vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ dneksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj ;g ,d fo'okl dh
dk;Zokgh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj osQ vfèkfu;e 1935 osQ vèkhu oqQy tula[;k osQ osQoy 14 izfr'kr yksxksa dks gh er
nsus dk vfèkdkj Fkk vkSj fL=k;ksa dk oqQy erksa esa Hkkx ukeek=k dk gh FkkA vc Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ vèkhu fL=k;ksa
vkSj iq#"k nksuksa dks er dk ,d leku vfèkdkj gSA vc er osQ vf/dkj osQ fy, vk;q lhek 21 o"kZ ls ?kVk
dj 18 o"kZ dh tk pqdh gSA 18 o"kZ ls mQij dh vk;q osQ lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa dks pqukoksa esa ernku djus dk vfèkdkj
izkIr gSaA
15- ,d v[k.Mrk jkT; osQ lkFk ,dy ukxfjdrk osQ lkFk ,dhÑr jkT; (Single Intergrated
Polity with Single Citizenship): Hkkjrh; lafoèkku lHkh jkT;ksa dks leku :i esa Hkkjrh; la?k dk
Hkkx cukrk gSA ¶gekjk x.kra=k lYrurksa dk xBcUèku ugha gS cfYd ;g ,d okLrfod la?k gS ftldks Hkkjr osQ
yksxksa us Hkkjr osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa dks leku j[k dj izHkqlÙkk osQ ekSfyd ladYi osQ vkèkkj ij LFkkfir fd;k gSA
lHkh ukxfjdksa dks ,d leku ukxfjdrk iznku dh xbZ gS tksfd mudks ,d leku vfèkdkj vkSj LorU=krk,¡ vkSj
jkT; iz'kklu dh ,d tSlh lqj{kk iznku djrh gSA¸ vc Hkkjrh; ewy osQ fons'kh ukxfjdksa] tksfd 26 tuojh]
1950 osQ i'pkr~ fons'kksa esa tkdj cl x, gSa rFkk ftUgksaus nwljs ns'kksa dh ukxfjdrk,¡ izkIr dj yh gSa] dks Hkh
Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk nsus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k gSA vc os nksgjh ukxfjdrk izkIr dj ldrs gSaA mUgsa viuh orZeku
ukxfjdrkvksa osQ lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk Hkh izkIr gks tk,xhA os nksgjh ukxfjdrk dh izkfIr osQ vfèkdkjh
gks tk,¡xsA mUgsa Hkkjr esa ukxfjd vkSj vkfFkZd vfèkdkj izkIr gks tk,¡xs] ijUrq mUgsa jktuhfrd vfèkdkj izkIr ugha
gksaxsA
16- ,dy ,dho`Qr U;k;ikfydk (Single Integrate Judiciary): tgk¡ vejhdh lafoèkku] osQoy
la?kh; U;k;ikfydk LFkkfir djrk gS vkSj jkT; U;k;ikfydk iz.kkyh dks izR;sd jkT; osQ lafoèkku ij NksM+ nsrk
gS] ogha foijhr Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ,d bdgjh U;k;ikfydk dh O;oLFkk djrk gS ftlesa loksZPp U;k;ky; 'kh"kZ
Lrj dk U;k;ky; gS] mPp U;k;ky; jkT; Lrjksa ij gS vkSj 'ks"k U;k;ky; mPp U;k;ky; osQ vèkhu dk;Z djrs
gSaA loksZPp U;k;ky; ns'k esa U;k; dk vfUre U;k;ky; gSA ;g Hkkjr esa U;kf;d iz'kklu pykrk gS vkSj bl ij
fu;U=k.k j[krk gSA
17- U;k;ikfydk dh LorU=krk (Independence of the Judiciary): Hkkjrh; lafoèkku U;k;ikfydk
dks iw.kZr;k LorU=k cukrk gSA ;g bu rF;ksa ls Li"V gks tkrk gS% (d) U;k;kèkh'kksa dh fu;qfDr jk"Vªifr osQ }kjk
dh tkrh gSA ([k) mPp dkuwuh ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj vuqHko okys O;fDr;ksa dks gh U;k;kèkh'k fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA
(x) loksZPp U;k;ky; osQ U;k;kèkh'kksa dks cgqr gh dfBu izfozQ;k osQ }kjk gh muosQ in ls gVk;k tk ldrk gSA
(?k) U;k;kèkh'kksa vkSj U;kf;d deZpkfj;ksa dk osru Hkkjr dh lafpr fufèk esa ls fn;k tkrk gSa vkSj buosQ fy,
foèkkuikfydk dh oksV vko';d ugha gksrhA (Ä) loksZPp U;k;ky; dks ;g vfèkdkj gS fd og viuh LorU=krk

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