Page 136 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 10 % ukSdj'kkgh

3- èkkfeZd laLFkk,¡µèkkfeZd laLFkk,¡ Hkh O;fDr dk jktuhfrd lekthdj.k djrh gSaA ikfdLrku] usiky] uksV
vjc ns'k rFkk ,sls vusd jk"Vª tks jk"Vªla?k esa vkLFkk j[krs gSa] èkeZ dks jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk
egÙo {ks=k ekurs gSaA blh izdkj jktuhfrd ny Hkh lekthdj.k dh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djrs gSaA
jktuhfrd f'k{kk iznku djus esa mudk ;ksx fo'ks"k :i ls jgrk gSA

4- tu&lapkjµtu lapkj osQ lkèkuµlekpkj&i=k] jsfM;ks] nwjn'kZu] fiQYe] Hkk"k.k vkfn Hkh jktuhfrd
lekthdj.k dks fodflr djus esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA bUgha lkèkuksa osQ fo"k; esa vyeaM ,oa ikosy
us dgk gSµ^ifjokj rFkk fo|ky; }kjk LFkkfir jktuhfrd O;oLFkk fdruh gh ldkjkRed gks] tc ny]
iqfyl 'kklu }kjk mldh vogsyuk dh tkrh gS rks vkØks'k mRiUu gksrk gSA* ;gha ls jktuhfrd
lekthdj.k dh 'kq#vkr gksrh gSA
jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk fodkl (Political Socialization : Development) jkcVZ 'khxy
(Robert Sigel) osQ vuqlkjµ^jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk mís'; ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks izf'k{k.k nsuk rFkk
fodflr djuk gS tks jktuhfrd lekt O;oLFkk esa vPNs lnL; cu losaQA* blh izdkj osQ fopkj ekbosQy
j'k (Michael Rush) us O;fDr fd;s gSaA* jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh izfØ;k }kjk O;fDr jktuhfrd
O;oLFkk esa ifjfpr gksrk gSA* jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa osQ izfr mldh izfrfØ;k dk fuèkkZj.k djrk gSA vko';drk
bl ckr dh gS] O;fDr ij lekt osQ] lekt ij O;fDr osQ lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk lkaLÑfrd i;kZoj.k osQ
izHkko dk ijh{k.k fd;k tk;sA

D;k vki tkurs gSa lkekftd jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ eè; jktuhfrd lekthdj.k ,d dM+h
(Link) gSA ifjfLFkfr osQ vuqlkj blesa ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA

jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ;k lgHkkfxrk jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh nsu gSA jktuhfrd lekthdj.k fofHkUu
voLFkkvksa esa fodflr gksrk gSA bldh voLFkk,¡ bl izdkj gSaµ
1- ckY;koLFkk rFkk fd'kksj voLFkkµizsQEi (Framp) rFkk ,fytkcsFk us The Childs World esa
crk;k gS fd fdl izdkj cPps viuk fodkl okrkoj.k esa djrs gSa rFkk fdlh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa og fd'kksj
gksrs gSaA fo|ky;ksa esa ckyd ljdkj dh voèkkj.kk dks xzg.k djrs gSaA tSls&tSls os vkxs dh d{kkvksa esa tkrs
gSa] oSls&oSls muesa ljdkj rFkk jktuhfr dh voèkkj.kk fodflr gksrh tkrh gSA xzke rFkk uxj {ks=kksa esa jgus
okys cPpksa dk jktuhfrd lekthdj.k gh fHkUu gksrk gSA tSlsµuxj osQ ckyd ns'k dh jktèkkuh dk fp=k
ljyrk iwoZd xzg.k dj ysrs gSa tcfd xk¡oksa osQ ckyd blesa vliQy jgrs gSaA MsfoM rFkk jkscVZ }kjk fd,
x, losZ{k.kksa ls irk pyrk gS fd vkjaHk esa cPps fo|ky; osQ ifjos'k esa gh jktuhfrd voèkkj.kkvksa dks xzg.k
djrs gSa_ tSlsµns'k izse] ns'k osQ lkSan;Z] ns'k osQ yksx o mudk LoHkko vkfnA lekthdj.k dh izfØ;k esa ljy
ls dfBu dh vksj c<+k tkrk gSA cM+s cPps jktuhfrd lekthdj.k osQ fofHkUu vfèkdj.kksa dk ykHk mBkrs gSa_
tSlsµJfed la?k] lekpkj&i=k rFkk jktuSfrd ny vkfn dk ifjp;A bZLV rFkk Msful us jktuhfrd
lekthdj.k osQ pkj in cryk;s gSaµ
(i) fof'k"V O;fDr;ksa }kjk izHkqlÙkk dk vfHkKku djuk_ tSlsµjk"Vªifr rFkk iqfyl dkaLVsfcyA
(ii) vkarfjd rFkk cká&izHkqlÙkk osQ varj dks O;Dr djuk_ tSlsµlkoZtfud rFkk futh izHkqlÙkkA

(iii) jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dk ifjp;_ tSls jktuhfrd ny] mPpre U;k;ky; rFkk erkfèkdkjA
(iv) jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa rFkk muosQ lnL;ksa osQ ikjLifjd lacaèk tks lexz :i ls jktuhfrd lÙkk dk :i
èkkj.k djrs gSaA

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