Page 40 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 4 % ttekuh O;oLFkk

esa lekt'kkfL=k;ksa dh fpark bl rF; ls mitrh gS fd vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd thou osQ vU; i{k ,d nwljs uksV
osQ lkFk ?kfu"Brk ls tqM+s gq, gSaA bl izdkj lekt'kk=k vkfFkZd laLFkkvksa dk vè;;u djrk gS D;ksafd ;g
lekt dk fgLlk gSA

gekjk vkt dk tfVy vkfFkZd laxBu izkphu le; esa Hkkstu bdV~Bk djus vkSj f'kdkj djus dh laLo`Qfr ls
izkjaHk gqvkA iq#"k vkSj L=kh osQ chp cgqr gh lkèkkj.k Je&foHkktu FkkA vkSjr osQ ctk; iq#"k izk;% f'kdkjh
gksrs FksA efgyk,¡ iQy] oaQn&ewy vkfn laxzg djrh FkhaA ifjokj gh izk;% mRiknu vkSj miHkksx dh bdkbZ FkkA
iRuh ifr }kjk yk;h x;h oLrq ls ?kj esa Hkkstu cukrh FkhA dHkh dHkh vkSjrsa Hkh [kk| inkFkZ ykrh FkhaA leqnk;
osQ izk;% lHkh lnL; le;≤ ij f'kdkj djrs Fks tSlk fd cM+s tkuojksa ;kuh HkSalk] okyjl (,d Lruik;h
tkuoj ftlosQ nkar gkFkh tSls gksrs gSa vkSj tks ty vkSj LFky nksuksa esa jgrk gS) vkfn osQ f'kdkj osQ nkSjku
ns[kk tkrk FkkA bl izdkj osQ ekeyksa esa iwjk leqnk; gh miHkksDrk bdkbZ gks tkrk FkkA ;s f'kdkjh leqnk;
vkfFkZd :i ls Lokoyach FksA blhfy, O;kikj dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha FkkA blosQ lkFk gh fofue; esa cgqr lh
xaHkhj O;kogkfjd leL;k,¡ FkhaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, vkfne cfLr;k¡ ,d nwljs ls cgqr nwj Fkha vkSj vkokxeu
osQ lkèku vfodflr FksA bl gkyr esa fuokfl;ksa osQ chp fofue; laHko ugha FkkA O;kikj osQ ekxZ esa nwljh
ckèkk fofue; osQ fdlh lkekU; ekè;e dk vHkko FkkA dHkh&dHkh iM+kslh tutkrh; cfLr;ksa osQ fuokfl;ksa
osQ chp ysunsu gksrk FkkA ij fdlh [kkl cLrh osQ Hkhrj fofue; vfrfFk&lRdkj ;k migkj nsdj fd;k tkrk
FkkA lsok,¡ fcuk fdlh Hkqxrku osQ iznku dh tkrh Fkha ijarq os bl vk'kk ls iznku dh tkrh Fkha fd vkxs vkfrF;
Hkh iw.kZr% ,d i{kh; ugha FkkA blesa Hkh ijLifjdrk o izfrnku osQ Hkko fufgr FksA lsok,¡ vkSj migkj ml
le; ogh dke djrs Fks tks vkt eqnzk dj jgh gSA vksxcuZ vkSj fuedkWiQ osQ 'kCnksa esasa ^^migkj eqnzkfoghu
laLo`Qfr;ksa esa èku dk lkekftd LFkkukiUu gSA**
bu f'kdkjh dchyksa esa futh LokfeRo vkSj lkoZtfud miHkksx nksuksa ckrsa izpfyr FkhaA lHkh O;fDrxr phtsa tSls
diM+s] crZu vkfn vkSj jgus dh >ksifM+;ksa Hkh futh :i ls bLrseky esa yk;h tkrh Fkha] tcfd tehu lkewfgd
:i ls bLrseky dh tkrh FkhA blosQ dkj.k cgqr Li"V gSaA pw¡fd tkuoj ,d txg ls nwljh txg tkrs jgrs
Fks] tehu dk futh bLrseky laHko ugha FkkA ,d tutkfr vius izHkko dh o`f¼ taxy osQ fdlh [kkl {ks=k
esa djrh FkhA èkhjs&èkhjs f'kdkj osQ }kjk Hkkstu ls thou&;kiu dh O;oLFkk [ksrh esa cny xbZ vkSj blosQ lkFk
gh cgqr lkjs ifjorZu gq,A loZizFke tehu dks IykWVksa esa ck¡Vk x;k vkSj mUgsa fofHkUu ifjokjksa dks bLrseky osQ
fy, fn;k x;kA nwljs 'kCnksa esa tehu dk futh LokfeRo izkjaHk gqvkA nwljs] Hkkstu dh vkiwfrZ T;knk fuf'pr
vkSj izpqj gks xbZ vkSj leqnk; esa LFkkf;Ro osQ rRo dk izknqHkkZo gqvkA rhljs] LFkkf;Ro osQ lkFk fofHkUu {ks=kksa
esa tSls diM+s dh cqukbZ] mQu dh cqukbZ] crZu vkSj blh izdkj osQ vU; f'kYiksa esa fo'ks"khdj.k gqvk vkSj
oqQ'kyrk esa fodkl gqvkA fo'ks"khdj.k us O;kikj dks tUe fn;k vkSj Hkqxrku osQ cnys nwljs izdkj osQ fofue;
'kq: gq,A [ksrh osQ dkj.k lkekftd laLFkkvksa dk fodkl gqvk tks lekt'kkL=kh; n`f"V ls dkiQh egRoiw.kZ FkkA
Hkwfe dk futh LokfeRo o`Q"kd leqnk; osQ fy, fu;e cu x;kA bldk eryc Fkk futh ifjokj dk LokfeRoA
le; xqtjus osQ lkFk Hkwfe èku ls igpkuh tkus yxhA

4-1 vkfne vFkZO;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Primitive Economy)

vkfFkZd laxBuksa osQ pj.kc¼ fodkl osQ lanHkZ esa ge vkfne vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh oqQN [kkl fo'ks"krkvksa dks
bafxr dj ldrs gSaA
(i) >we [ksrh (Shifting Cultivation)

vkfne vkfFkZd laxBu thou&fuokZg izdkj (lfClLVsal VkbIl) osQ FksA eryc os mRiknu vkSj miHkksx okyh
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh Js.kh esa vkrs FksA bldk ,d izeq[k dkj.k izko`Qfrd lkèkuksa osQ nksgu djus osQ iz;Ru esa
rduhdh lgk;dksa dk vHkko Fkk tSlkfd >we [ksrh ls Li"V gksrk gSA >we [ksrh dk eryc ;g gS fd tehu
dk ,d gh VqdM+k o`Qf"k dk;Z osQ fy, yacs le; rd bLrseky ugha gksxk vkSj o`Q"kd ,d IykWV ls nwljs IykWV

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 35