Page 43 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

lkekftd laLFkk,¡

uksV izFkk forj.k (distribution) dh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa mPp tkfr osQ HkwLokeh ifjokjksa dks fofHkUu fuEu
tkfr;ksa] tSls c<+bZ ([kkrh)] ukbZ] oqQEgkj] yksgkj] èkksch] Hkaxh (pqgjk)] vkfn osQ }kjk lsok,¡ ;k mRikn miyCèk
djk, tkrs gSaA lsoknkj tkfr;ksa dks ^dehu* dgk tkrk gS tcfd lsO;ksa (castes served) dks ^;teku* dgk
tkrk gSA iznÙk lsokvksa osQ cnys lsoknkjksa dks udn ;k oLrq osQ :i esa (vukt] pkjk] diM+s] nwèk vkfn)
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA
;ksxsUnz flag (1973 %186) us ;tekuh O;oLFkk dks ,d ,slh O;oLFkk dgk gS tks xk¡oksa esa vkèkkfjr vUrtkZrh;
lacaèkksa esa vkilh vknku&iznku ij vkèkkfjr lacaèkksa ls fu;fU=kr gksrh gSA bZ'oju~ (1966 % 41) us ;tekuh
O;oLFkk osQ lanHkZ esa (nf{k.k Hkkjr esa eSlwj esa bls ^vk;k* iqdkjk tkrk gS) dgk gS fd ;g ,d ,slh O;oLFkk
gS ftlessa izR;sd tkfr dks lkeqnkf;d thou esa lexz :i ls ,d Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksrh gSA ;g Hkwfedk
vkfFkZd] lkekftd rFkk uSfrd dk;Z djus dh gksrh gSA

ewy :i esa ^;teku* 'kCn ml lsO; (client) dks lanfHkZr djrk Fkk ftlosQ fy, czkã.k iqtkjh deZdk.M
(rituals) dk laiknu djrk FkkA ckn esa ;g 'kCn ml laj{kd osQ fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkus yxk tks fof'k"V
lsokvksa dks izkIr djrk gksA chMeSu (Beidman, 1957 : 7) us laosQr fn;k gS fd lsok vkSj oLrq,¡ miyCèk
djkus okyksa dks ^dehu* osQ vfrfjDr ^iqjtu*] ^ijèkku* vkfn ukeksa ls Hkh fofoèk {ks=kksa esa tkuk tkrk gSA

4-3 ttekuh laca/ksa esa tcnZLrh o loZlEefr
(Forced and Concensus in Jajmani Relations)

oqQN ys[kdksa (mnkgj.k osQ fy, foMsyeSu) us ttekuh izFkk dh fuank dh gS vkSj dgk gS fd ;g ^^,d ,slk
lkèku gS ftlosQ }kjk èkuh yksx xjhcksa osQ lkFk ”kksj&tcnZLrh djrs gSa** vkSj mUgsa viuk opZLo rFkk mPprj
lafLFkfr dks cjdjkj j[kus osQ fy, foo'k djrs gSaA

nwljh vksj Hkkjrh; xkaoksa osQ oqQN vè;srk ;g roZQ nsrs gSa fd ttekuh O;oLFkk esa ”kksj&tcnZLrh osQ rRo osQ
ckotwn ;s ^^vkilh ,drk vkSj lg;ksx dks c<+krs gSaA** ;s fu"d"kZr% ;g Hkh roZQ nsrs gSa fd ;g dguk xyr
gS fd f'kYih ;kuh yqgkj vkfn tSlh lsok djus okyh dkexkj tkfr;k¡ tehankjksa osQ vkxs fcYoqQy ykpkj gSaA
ttekuh osQ ysu&nsu essa izR;sd tkfr T;knk ls T;knk YkkHk dekuk pkgrh gSA

4-4 ;tekuh laca/ (Jajmani Relations)

dHkh&dHkh nks ;k vfèkd tkfr;ksa osQ chp oqQN oLrqvksa dh iwfrZ osQ vkèkkj ij cus lacaèk lafonkRed
(contractual) gks ldrs gSa ysfdu ;tekuh ughaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] cqudj ftldks mlosQ }kjk fufeZr o csps
tkus okys diM+s osQ fy, udn Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] mldks iQly esa jLeh fgLls dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA
og dehu ugha gS vkSj [kjhnus okyk mldk ;teku ugha gSA iqu'p% ;tekuh lacaèkksa esa Hkh oqQN ,sls mRikn
;k lsok,¡ gks ldrh gSa tks lafofnr gksa vkSj ftuosQ fy, vyx ls Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gksA mnkgj.kkFkZ] xk¡o
esa jLlh cukus okys ;tekuh O;oLFkk osQ vUrxZr fdlkuksa dks lHkh izdkj dh vko';d jfLl;k¡ miyCèk djk
ldrs gSa fdUrq oqQavksa esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh eksVh jfLl;ksa osQ fy, vyx ls Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA

;tekuh lacaèk deZdkaMh (ritual) ekeyksa rFkk lkekftd leFkZu osQ lkFk lkFk vkfFkZd vknku&iznku dks
Hkh fuf'pr djrs gSaA lsoknkj tkfr;k¡ laLdkj rFkk vU; deZdkaMh dÙkZO;ksa dks ikyu ;teku osQ ?kj ij tUe]
fookg vkSj e`R;q tSls voljksa ij djrs gSaA Mh- ,u- etwenkj (1958) us mÙkj izns'k osQ y[kumQ ftys osQ
,d xk¡o osQ BkoqQj ifjokj (jktiwr tkfr osQ) dk mnkgj.k fn;k gS ftldh thoupozQh; laLdkjksa osQ fy,
nl ls vfèkd tkfr;ksa }kjk lsok dh tkrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] cPps osQ tUe ij nkor osQ le; czkã.k
^ukedj.k laLdkj* laiUu djkrk gS] Lo.kZdkj uotkr f'k'kq osQ fy, Lo.kZ vkHkw"k.k miyCèk djkrk gS] èkksch
xans oL=k èkksrk gS] ukbZ fuea=k.k o lans'k nsrk gS] [kkrh og iVyk miyCèk djkrk gS ftl oj cPps dks ukedj.k
osQ le; fcBk;k tkrk gS] yksgkj yksgs dk dM+k nsrk gS] oqQEgkj oqQBkj nsrk gS ftlesa rS;kj lfCt;k¡ vkSj ikuh

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