Page 47 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

lkekftd laLFkk,¡

uksV ;teku fdlku muosQ izfr mnklhu gS rc oqQEgkj yksx ;teku fdlkuksa ls ukrk rksM+us dk iz;Ru dj ldrs
gSa] tc rd fd fdlku ;teku vius cqjs O;ogkj dks Bhd u dj ysA

uksV~l Hkkjr esa vc /hjs&/hjs ttekuh O;oLFkk dk Lo:i cny jgk gSA vk/qfud ;qx esa 'kgjhdj.k
osQ dkj.k xk¡oksa dh tula[;k cM+h rs”kh ls 'kgjksa esa foLFkkfir gks jgh gSA ttekuh O;oLFkk
osQ ßkl dk ;g ,d egÙoiw.kZ dkj.k gSA blosQ vykok ubZ rduhd Hkh ekuo&Je ij fuHkZjrk
dks ?kVkus esa ennxkj lkfcr gqbZ gSA

4-7 ;tekuh O;oLFkk % ,d 'kks"k.kh; O;oLFkk
(Jajmani System : An Exploitative System)

D;k ;tekuh O;oLFkk ,d 'kks"k.kh; izFkk gS\ D;k ;teku dehuksa dks FkksM+k&lk vukt ;k udn ;k vU; oqQN
nsdj mudk 'kks"k.k djrs gSa\ chfMyeSu (Beidelman, 1959) ;tekuksa dks ^'kks"kd* vkSj dehu dks
^'kksf"kr* ekurs gSa rFkk O;oLFkk dks ^lkeUrh* xq.kksa okyh ekurs gSaA og ;tekuh izFkk dks mPp tkrh; fganqvksa
osQ }kjk fu;a=k.k] fofèkekU;hdj.k] rFkk 'kklu djus osQ fy, ,d izeq[k lkèku osQ :i esa ekurs gSaA blh izdkj
Y;wbl vkSj cjEkkS (Lewis and Barmouw, 1956) osQ fopkj ls èkuh vkSj izHkko'kkyh ;tekuksa vkSj fuèkZu
Hkwfeghu dehuksa osQ chp dk varj gh dehuksa osQ 'kks"k.k dk dkj.k gS vkSj mUgsa 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj mPp LFkku
okys yksxksa osQ 'kklu esa ;k vkèkhu jgus dks ckè; djrk gSA oqQN fo}kuksa dk er gS fd ;tekuh izFkk esa dksbZ
ckè;rk ;k izHkqRo okyh ckr ugha gSA izFke] dehu yksx viuh jksth jksVh osQ fy, ;tekuksa ij fuHkZj ugha
jgrsA os viuh oLrqvksa dks cspus vkSj lsokvksa dks mudks nsus osQ fy, Lora=k gksrs gSa tks mUgsa Hkqxrku djrs
gSaA nwljs] tc dehu eglwl djrs gSa fd muosQ lkFk vU;k; gqvk gS rc os viuh tkfr dh iapk;r djrs
gSa tks ;tekuksa dks mudh ek¡xksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, ckè; djrs gSaA blh izdkj tc HkwLokeh ,slk vuqHko
djrs gSa fd muosQ fdlh dehu us dke esa dksrkgh dh gS ;k ;teku osQ in vkSj xfjek dks Bsl igq¡pkbZ gS
;k pqukSrh nh gS] ;teku ifjokj feydj muosQ Hkqxrku jksddj ;k vU; izdkj ls mu ij ncko Mky ldrs
gSaA fiQj Hkh fdlh Hkh rjiQ ls lkewfgd dk;Zokgh laiw.kZ tkfr osQ fgrksa dks izHkkfor ugha djrhA tkrh; ,drk
;tekuh lewg osQ izfr fu"Bk ls dgha mQij gksrh gSA r`rh;] ;teku vius dehuksa ls iSr`d rjg ls O;ogkj
djrs gSa vkSj ladV muosQ esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA pkSFks] ;tekuh fu;e brus yphys gksrs gSa fd mudk vFkZ fdlh
Hkh izdkj ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lsok izcaèkksa esa ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gSA izR;sd ;tekuh lacaèk esa
fuf'pr le; ij U;wure ekinaM cuk, j[ks tkrs gSaA vfUre] mPp tkfr osQ lnL; nwf"kr o fof'k"V dk;ks±
ls cpuk pkgrs gSaA vr% mUgsa mu ifjokjksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gS tks mUgsa ok¡Nuh; lsok,¡ o oLrq,¡ iznku
djsaA ;tekuh vknku&iznku dks vkilh ykHkdkjh le>rs gq, os vius dehuksa dh vuxZy ek¡xksa dks Hkh
dHkh&dHkh lgu djrs gSa] tSls fd dehu vius ;tekuksa dk ncko lgu djrs gSaA vr% ;tekuh izFkk dks
'kks"k.kkRed le>uk vroZQlaxr gksxkA jko (1961)] dksysUMk (Kolenda, 1963 : 21-29)] vksjsUlVhu
(Orenstein, 1962) vkSj gSjksYM xkmYM (Harold Gould, 1985) dh Hkh ;gh ekU;rk gS fd ;tekuh
O;oLFkk dks funZ;h 'kks"k.kkRed dgdj fuank djuk pkSadkus okyk 'kh?kzrk esa fd;k gqvk lkekU;hdj.k gSA
gSjksYM xwYM (1987 % 176&177) us dgk gS fd ;tekuh izFkk dk ,slk fo'ys"k.k tks bls lkearh O;oLFkk
dk fgLlk ekurk gks vfo'oluh; gSA bl izFkk dk egÙo fdlh Hkh vkfFkZd fozQ;k osQ lkeus de gSA ;g izFkk
fdlh roZQ;qDr vkfFkZd izsjd (motivations) osQ dkj.k fVdh gqbZ ugha gS cfYd lkekftd fLFkfr rFkk ml
lkekftd varfozZQ;k osQ Lo:iksa dks cuk, j[kus esa blosQ egÙo dks ns[krs gq, Hkh tks fd xzkeh.k fganwokn osQ
liQy vH;kl osQ fy, vko';d gS] fVdh gqbZ gSA ;teku izeq[k :i ls vkfFkZd o jktuSfrd n`f"V ls
lejlrk okyk (homogeneous) lewg ugha gS] cfYd ;g rks ,d èkkfeZd&vkfFkZd lewg gS tks Hkkjrh;

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