Page 45 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

lkekftd laLFkk,¡

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uksV 2- ttekuh O;oLFkk esa fufgr Hkwfedk,¡ dh gSaµ
(d) ukSdj vkSj ekfyd dh ([k) ttekuksa ,oa dehuksa dh (x) mPp tkfr ,oa fuEu tkfr dh
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3- Hkwfe dk tks Hkkx [kkyh iM+k gksrk gS mls dgrs gSaµ
(d) ijrh ”kehu ([k) moZj Hkwfe (x) mQlj Hkwfe

4-5 izdk;Z ,oa Hkwfedk,¡ (Functions and Roles)

;tekuh O;oLFkk osQ dk;ks± dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, yhp (Leach, 1960) us dgk gS fd ;tekuh O;oLFkk
tkfr;ksa esa vkilh vkfFkZd fuHkZjrk vkSj Je foHkktu dks fu;fer cuk, j[krh gSA okbtj (Wiser, 1967 :
35) osQ vuqlkj ;tekuh O;oLFkk Hkkjrh; xzkeksa dks vkRefuHkZj leqnk; osQ :i esa cuk, j[kus esa lgk;d
gksrh gSA xkMYM (1987) us dgk gS fd ;g (;tekuh O;oLFkk) lsok dk;ks± vkSj f'kYi lsokvksa osQ cnys esa
o`Qf"k mRiknu dk forj.k djrh gSA chfMyeSu (Buidelman, 1959) dk er gS fd ;g (;tekuh
O;oLFkk) mPp tkfr;ksa dh izfr"Bk cuk, j[krh gSA
;tekuh O;oLFkk esa fufgr Hkwfedk,¡ ;tekuksa vkSj dehuksa dh gSaA dehu tkfr;k¡ ;teku tkfr;ksa osQ fy, oqQN
is'ksoj] vkfFkZd o lkekftd lsok,¡ djrha gSa ftlosQ cnys esa ;teku mUgsa fof'k"V voljksa ;k fuf'pr vofèk
osQ ckn Hkqxrku djrs gSa] ;|fi lHkh tkfr;k¡ bl vkilh ysunsu esa vko';d :i ls Hkkx ugha ysrhaA
mnkgj.kkFkZ] rsyh ,slh tkfr gS tks vkerkSj ij fofue; lsokvksa esa ugha gksrhA dehuksa osQ ;teku muosQ vius
xk¡o vkSj vU; xk¡oksa esa Hkh gksrs gSaA ,d dehu vius lsO; osQ izfr vfèkdkjksa dks nwljs dehu dks csp ldrk
gSA Hkwfedk lacaèkksa esa egÙoiw.kZ gSaµeqÝr Hkkstu] diM+s] vkokl] yxku&eqÝr Hkwfe] vkdfLed lgk;rk] eqdn~essa
esa lgk;rk] rFkk thou esa ladV osQ le; ;tekuksa }kjk dehuksa dh lqj{kkA
;tekuh O;oLFkk lHkh xk¡oksa esa ikjLifjd (vU;ksU;) (reciprocal) ugha gSA dksysaMk (Kolenda, 1963 :

11-32) us ekuk gS fd 'kfDr'kkyh tkfr;k¡ Hkkjr osQ vusd xk¡oksa esa bu lacaèkksa esa 'kfDr larqyu cuk, j[krh
gSaA ;ksxsanz flag (1976 % 187) Hkh ekurs gSa fd Hkkjr osQ xk¡o vkfFkZd laLFkkvksa 'kfDr lajpuk vkSj vartkZrh;
laca/ksa dh n`f"V ls cny jgs gSaA vkfFkZd ifjorZu dk izeq[k Ïksr Hkwfe lqèkkj Hkh gS tks fcpkSfy;ksa dh lekfIr]
fdjk,nkjh lqèkkj (tenancy reforms)] pdcanh] Hkwfe iqufoZrj.k] lgdkjh [ksrh dk fodkl] vkSj Hkwnku
}kjk ykxw fd, x, gSaA bu lc mik;ksa ls tkfr;ksa osQ chp vUrfozZQ;k] ;tekuh O;oLFkk] rFkk xzkeh.k O;oLFkk
ij izHkko iM+k gSA

4-6 izfreku ,oa ewY; (Norms and Values)

ns'k osQ lHkh {ks=kksa esa Hkqxrku dk ijaijkxr rjhdk ;g jgk gS fd ;g iQly osQ le; ij gh fd;k tkrk gS
tc izR;sd HkwLokeh ifjokj fofoèk dehuksa dks uohu mRikfnr vukt esa ls oqQN fgLlk nsrs gS ijUrq iQlyh
Hkqxrku ;teku ifjokj dks izkIr gksus okys fgLls esa ls gh gksrk gSA dehu vius ;teku ij edku dh tehu
osQ fy,] i'kqvksa osQ pjkxkg LFky osQ fy,] ydM+h vkSj miys osQ fy,] vkStkjksa osQ fy, rFkk ½.k vkfn osQ
fy, fuHkZj jgrk gSA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ;teku mldks diM+s vkSj laLdkjksa (rituals) osQ voljksa ij HksaV vkfn
nsrk gS vkSj vkM+s oDr ij ½.k Hkh iznku djosQ lgk;rk djrk gSA
okb”kj (Wiser, 1956) us l=kg fcanq crk, gSaA tks dehu vius ;tekuksa ls izkIr djrk gS gSjksYM xkmYM
(1985 % 140&141) us Hkh 1954&55 esa iQStkckn (mÙkjizns'k) ftys osQ xk¡o 'ks:iqj esa ;tekuh izFkk osQ
vè;;u osQ nkSjku ;tekuh caèkuksa esa bUgha fcanqvksa dks egÙoiw.kZ ik;kA buesa ls oqQN fopkj.kh; fcUnq gSa % eqÝr
vkokl LFky] ifjokj osQ fy, eqÝr Hkkstu] eqÝr miys] fcuk fdjk, dk edku] dtZ lqfoèkk,¡] iwjd jkstxkj
osQ volj] midj.kksa ,oa i'kqvksa dk eqÝr iz;ksx] eqÝr [kkysa] eqdnes esa enn] vfUre laLdkj osQ le;
ydM+h] vkSj dPps eky dk eqÝr iz;ksx] vkfnA gSjksYM xkmYM us iqjtuksa dh lsokvksa osQ cnys ;tekuksa }kjk

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