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Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
          Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh )
          Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
          Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh0) )) )
          Gkosh ;[szsosk ;zrokw (1707^1947 Jh
                     BØN           J    1938 ft~u  fB:'fis nkofEe ftek; d/ ;G s'A t~v/ gfjbeosk itkjobkb Bfjo{ dh
                                        1938 ft~u  fB:'fis nkofEe ftek; d/ ;G s'A t~v/ gfjbeosk itkjobkb Bfjo{ dh
                                        1938 ft~u  fB:'fis nkofEe ftek; d/ ;G s'A t~v/ gfjbeosk itkjobkb Bfjo{ dh
                                        1938 ft~u  fB:'fis nkofEe ftek; d/ ;G s'A t~v/ gfjbeosk itkjobkb Bfjo{ dh
                                        1938 ft~u  fB:'fis nkofEe ftek; d/ ;G s'A t~v/ gfjbeosk itkjobkb Bfjo{ dh
                                        nrtkJh ft~u okPNoh :'iBk efwPB (n?BHghH;hH) rfms ehsh rJh.
                                        nrtkJh ft~u okPNoh :'iBk efwPB (n?BHghH;hH) rfms ehsh rJh.
                                        nrtkJh ft~u okPNoh :'iBk efwPB (n?BHghH;hH) rfms ehsh rJh.
                                        nrtkJh ft~u okPNoh :'iBk efwPB (n?BHghH;hH) rfms ehsh rJh.  fJ;  B/  pknd  d/
                                        nrtkJh ft~u okPNoh :'iBk efwPB (n?BHghH;hH) rfms ehsh rJh.
                                        dPe ft~u ftek; dh fJ~e ftnkge :'iBk fsnko ehsh ns/ fJ; dhnK ftfGzB T[g;fwshnK B/ ;[MktK
                                        d/ T[ZBsh yzv fsnko ehs/.
                                   J    nfyb Gkosh eKro; ew/Nh d[nkok ;zP'fXs 1931 d/ eKro; d/ eokuh gq;skt ft~u fejk frnk fe ‘oki
                                        gqw[~y T[d:'rK, ;/tktK, yfDi ;o'sK, o/bt/, ib^gfotfjB, ijkiokDh ns/ d{i/ :ksk:ks ;kXBK s/
                                        fB:zsoD o~y/rk.* Bfjo{ ns/ n?BHghH;hH d/ fJbktk Gkosh T[ZdwK d/ B/sk th ;kotifBe y/so ns/ nKfPe
                                        okPNoheoD d/ g~yXo ;B.
                                   J    1947 ft~u Bfjo{ dh nrtkJh ft~u nfyb Gkosh eKro; ew/Nh B/ fJ~e nkofEe gq'rokw ;fwsh rfms
                                        ehsh. T[;B/ ;kotifBe y/so d/ bJh gqsho~fynk, gqw[~y T[d:'r ns/ iB^;/tktK s?n ehshnK. fJzBK
                                        jh BjhA, ;fwsh B/ n~r/ fejk fe ‘toswkB T[ZdwK d/ wkwb/ ft~u fBih s'A ;kotifBe ;tkfws~t ft~u
                                        j;sKsoD gzi ;kbK pknd P[o{ j't/rk.*

                                   J    fd;zpo 1954 ft~u Gkosh ;z;d B/ ‘;wki dh ;wkitkdh gqDkbh* Bz{ nkgDk ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe T[d/P
                                        wzfBnk.

                                   J    :'iBk efwPB B/ fJ;/ ftuko Bkb ezw P[o{ ehsk. fJ; dh ;EkgBk 15 wkou 1950 Bz{ j'Jh ;h. fJ;
                                        e'b pV/ nfXeko ;BlfJ; ft~u e'Jh P~e BjhAl ns/ nkg Bfjo{ fJ; d/ nfXneP pD/. gqEw :'iBk
                                        (1951^56) ft~u nX{o/ ezw g{o/ eoD dk gq:sB ehsk frnk.
                                   J    d{ih :'iBk (1956^61) ft~u gqf;~X Bfjo{^wjkbB'fp; ftek; oDBhsh bkr{ ehsh rJh, I' shih :'iBk
                                        (1961^66) ft~u th ikoh ojh.
                                   J    Bfjo{^wjkbB'fp; oDBhsh dk fJ~e j'o wjs~tg{oD nzr ftek; ns/ ;wkBsk s/ I'o ;h. fJ; bJh
                                        T[d:'r ns/ y/sh ft~u ;ze/AdoD ns/ ftsoD s/ ekch fXnkB fd~sk frnk jkbkfe fJ; ft~u T[whdh
                                        ;cbsk BjhA fwbh.
                                        oki fB:zsfos
                                        oki fB:zsfos
                                        oki fB:zsfos ;[fB:'fis ftek;, ;kotifBe ns/ fBih y/soK d/ ft~u fIzw/dkoh dk pzNtkok,fJiko/
                                        oki fB:zsfos
                                   J    oki fB:zsfos
                                        dkoK ns/ ;ze/AdoD d/ ftek; s/ o'e, S'N/ T[d:"rK Bz{ ;zo~fynD,y/soh ;zs[bB pDkJ/ o~yDk, :'iBkpZX
                                        T[d/PK ns/ gqkoEfwesktk d/ nB[o{g ;o'sK dk gq:'r nkfd fJBK ;ko/ ezwK d/ bJh fJ~e ft;fsqs ns/
                                        fB:zsoDK dh ifNb gqDkbh ns T[d:'fre bkJh;?Af;zr dh ftt;Ek dh Io{os ;h.
                                   J    Gkos d/ bJh ftP/P Pq/n dh r~b fJj jh ojh fe uhB, ikgkB, e'ohnk, skJhtkB, ;'ftns ;zx,
                                        fpqN/B nkfd fij/ nfXeso j'o d/PK d/ T[bN T[;B/ G{wh ;[Xko ns/ ftek; nkX[fBe iBsKsfoe YKu/
                                        ns/ Bkrfoe nfXekoK dh gqDkbh d/ sfjs jkf;b ehsk.gqzs{ fJj gqPz;k:'r y/sh ftek; y/sh T[sgkd
                                        dh tXdh wzr Bz{ g{ok eoD bJh ekch BjhA ;h.
                                   J    1991 s'A d/P ft~u bkr{ ehs/ rJ/ Io{oh nkofEe ;[XkoK dh gqPz;k d/ I'P ft~u ftP/P s"o s/ Bfjo{ ekb dhnK
                                        nkofEe T[gbpXhnK Bz{ Bhuk fdykUDk e[M b'eK bJh fJ~e soK dk c?PB j' frnk j?. nd{odofPsk ns/
                                        nfJfsjkf;esk dk fJ; s'A t~vk T[dkjoD j'o e'Jh BjhA j' ;edk. fJj Bfjo{tkdh :[r ;h fi;B/ w{b G"fse
                                        ns/ wkBt ;z;kXBK dk fBowkD ehsk i' ;[szso nkX[fBe ftek; dhnK g{ot PosK ;kfps j'JhnK .
                                   J    fit/A fe gqyo noEPk;soh ns/ YKukrs g[BormB gq'rokw  dh P[o{nks eoD tkb/ ft~swzsoh vkH
                                        wBw'jB f;zx B/ fejk,@ i/eo 1960 ft~u s[;hA fe;/ s'A th g[~Sd/ fe 1996 iK 97 ft~u fejVk d/P
                                        d[BhnK d/ fPyo s/ j't/rk, sK itkp j[zdk, Gkos.@

                                   11H5  Ppde'P
                                   11H5  Ppde'P
                                   11H5  Ppde'P  (Keywords)
                                   11H5  Ppde'P
                                   11H5  Ppde'P
                                   J    Phs :[ZX^tk;sfte :[ZX Bk j' e/ ftukfoe :[ZX j[zdk j?.
                                   J    r[~NfBog~ysk^fe;/ th r[~N iK db iK ;zrmB Bkb ;zpzfXs Bk j'Dk, gqzs{ UjBK dhnK rshftXhnK T[~s/
                                        nkgDk fdqPNhe'D g/P eoBk.



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