Page 277 - DPOL201_WESTERN_POLITICAL_THOUGHT_HINDI

bdkbZ—13% tkWu LVqvVZ fey dk thou ifjp; vkSj Lora=krk lacaèkh fl¼kar

ls le> fy;k Fkk fd mnkjoknh 'kklu osQ ihNs mnkjoknh lekt Hkh gksuk pkfg,A uksV
la{ksi esa] jkT; ,oa 'kklu osQ c<+rs gq, dk;ks±] iztkrU=k osQ uke ij cgqer }kjk vYier ij eupkgs izfrcUèk yxkus
dh izo`fÙk vFkok tuer osQ uke ij vuko';d dkuwuksa dks Fkksius dh izo`fÙk osQ fo#¼ fey us O;fDr LorU=krk
dk leFkZu djrs gq, mi;ksfxrk fl¼kar dks udkjrs gq, LorU=krk osQ O;fDroknh izfreku dk leFkZu fd;kA
LorU=krk osQ nk'kZfud vkèkkj (Philosophical Bases of the concept of Liberty)μfey us LorU=krk dh
voèkkj.kk dk leFkZu nks izdkj osQ nk'kZfud vkèkkjksa ij fd;k gSμigyk] O;fDr dh n`f"V ls vkSj nwljk] lekt
dh n`f"V lsA fey osQ vuqlkj O;fDr dk ewy mís'; vius O;fDrRo dk lok±xh.k fodkl djuk gS vkSj ;g fodkl
LorU=krk osQ mUeqDr okrkoj.k esa gh fuckZèk xfr ls gks ldrk gSA lekt osQ fodkl dh n`f"V ls Hkh fey LorU=krk
osQ i;kZoj.k dks vifjgk;Z ekurk gSA mldh n`f"V esa lekt dk fodkl oqQN fo'ks"k izdkj osQ O;fDr;ksa ls gksrk gSA
;s O;fDr dyk] foKku] lkfgR; vkSj vU; {ks=kksa esa uokpkj ykus osQ fy, iz;Ru'khy gksrs gSa] ijUrq lekt dk <kapk
:f<+oknh gksrk gS vkSj vfèkdka'k ukle> O;fDr :f<+okfn;ksa osQ Nykos esa vkdj lkekftd ifjorZu ykus okys egku~
O;fDr;ksa osQ ekxZ esa ckèkk mRi djrs gSaA blls lekt dh lgt mÂfr dk ekxZ vo:¼ gks tkrk gSA vr% lekt
osQ mÂ;u ,oa fodkl gsrq ;g vko';d gS fd mlosQ leLr ?kVdksa dks LorU=krk iznku dh tk;sA
la{ksi esa] fey us tksjnkj 'kCnksa esa ?kks"k.kk dh gS fd LorU=krk O;fDr vkSj lekt nksuksa osQ fodkl osQ fy,
vifjgk;Z gSA
LorU=krk osQ y{k.k (Characteristics of Liberty)μfey us LorU=krk osQ nks y{k.k cryk;s gSaμigyk] O;fDr
Lo;a viuk Lokeh gS vFkkZr~ O;fDr vius Åij loksZPp lÙkk j[krk gSA fey osQ vuqlkj O;fDr vius 'kjhj rFkk
efLr"d dk Lokeh gS vkSj blfy, mls vius ls lEcfUèkr izR;sd dk;Z esa iw.kZ LorU=krk gksuh pkfg,A bl {ks=k esa
lekt dks O;fDr osQ vkpj.k ij dksbZ izfrcUèk ugha yxkuk pkfg,A mls ^Lo* ls lEcfUèkr leLr dk;Z djus dh
rc rd iwjh LorU=krk gksuh pkfg, tc rd og nwljksa dks gkfu ugha igqapkrkA O;fDr dks ml lhek rd viuh
NM+h ?kqekus dh LorU=krk gS] ftl lhek rd og nwljs O;fDr dh ukd ls ;k flj ls u Vdjk;sA LorU=krk dk nwljk
y{k.k gSμ¶viuh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djus dh LorU=krk¸ (Liberty Consists in doing what one desires) vkSj
,slh LorU=krk dks fu;fU=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fey dgrk gS fd ;fn dksbZ O;fDr ,sls iqy ls xqtj jgk gS ftlosQ
VwV tkus dk Hk; gS rks mls ,sls iqy ij tkus ls jksdk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd unh esa fxjus dh fdlh O;fDr dh bPNk
ugha gks ldrhA mldh bPNk iqy ikj djus dh gS] fdUrq bldk fu;U=k.k djuk blfy, mfpr gS fd mldh blls
Hkh cM+hμthfor jgus dh bPNk dks laj{k.k feyrk gSA
LorU=krk osQ izdkj (Kind of Liberty)μfey us LorU=krk dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk gSμ
1- fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh LorU=krk] (Freedom of Thought and Expression) rFkk
2- dk;Z djus dh LorU=kr (Freedom of Action)A
1- fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh LorU=krk (Freedom of Thought and Expression)

fey osQ vuqlkj ekuo lekt dh mÂfr vkSj izxfr osQ fy, izR;sd O;fDr dks fopkj vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh iw.kZ
LorU=krk nh tkuh pkfg,A fey dk fo'okl gS fd ckSf¼d vFkok oSpkfjd LorU=krk u osQoy ml lekt osQ fy,
gh fgrdj gS tks mldh LohÑfr nsrk gS] cfYd ml O;fDr osQ fy, Hkh fgrdj gS tks mldk miHkksx djrk gSA
lekt vkSj jkT; dks dksbZ ,slk vfèkdkj ugha gS fd og O;fDr dh oSpkfjd LorU=krk ij izfrcUèk yxk;sA fey
osQ er esa ;fn lEiw.kZ lekt ,d vksj gks vkSj ;fn ,d O;fDr vosQyk nwljh vksj gks rks Hkh ml O;fDr dks fopkj
O;Dr djus dh LorU=krk feyuh gh pkfg,A fey osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶;fn ,d O;fDr dks NksM+dj lEiw.kZ ekuo tkfr
dk er ,d gks rks Hkh ekuo tkfr dks ml ,d O;fDr dks cyiwoZd pqi djkus dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha gSA tSlk
fd ;fn ml ,d O;fDr osQ ikl 'kfDr gksrh] rks mls ekuo tkfr dks pqi djkus dk vfèkdkj ugha gksrkA¸

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 271