Page 283 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV 12-1 çfrfufèkRo ç.kkyh dk fodkl vkSj fl¼kar (Development and Theory of
Representation System)

çfrfufèkd ç.kkyh dk fodkl (Growth of the Representation System)%&

ek.VsLD;w (Montesqieu) osQ fopkj esa fo'kq¼ çfrfufèk dh dYiuk vkèkqfud gSA çkphu dky osQ yksxksa dks
fo'kq¼ çfrfufèk dh dYiuk ugha FkhA jktk gh dkuwu cukrk FkkA ;fn dHkh lewg ,df=kr gksrk Hkh Fkk rks og
turk dk gksrk Fkk mlosQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ ughaA :lks (Rousseau) dk Hkh dguk gS fd çfrfufèkRo dh dYiuk
vkèkqfud gSA bldh mRifÙk dk dkj.k ljdkjksa dh LosPNkpkfjrk FkhA fiQj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd çkphu
çtkrkfU=kd jkT;ksa esa bldh FkksM+h cgqr 'kq:vkr gks pqdh FkhA ysfdu eè;dkyhu ;qx esa ;g Li"V :i ls
n`f"Vxkspj gksus yxhA tc dqN jktkvksa dks èku dh vko';drk gksrh Fkh] rks os djkjksi.k osQ lEcUèk esa eU=k.kk
ysus osQ fy, dqN tu&çfrfufèk;ksa dks vkeafU=kr djrs FksA çfrfufèk;ksa osQ lewg us èkhjs&èkhjs çfrfufèk laLFkk dk
:i xzg.k dj fy;kA ftls baXySaM esa laln (Parliament)] Úkal esa LVsVl tujy (Estates General) rFkk tkiku
esa Mk;V (Diet) dgk tkrk FkkA bu laLFkkvksa rFkk jktkvksa osQ chp lfn;ksa rd la?k"kZ pyrk jgk] jktkvksa dh
'kfDr {kh.k gksus yxh rFkk çfrfufèk laLFkkvksa dh 'kfDr c<+us yxhA 1213 bZ- esa bl çdkj dh lHkk cqyk;hA
1256 bZñ esa cSjuksa osQ fot;&lÙkk lkbeu&Mh ekaViQksMZ (Simon de-Montford) us laln~ dh cSBd cqyk;h ftlesa
lkeUrksa] iknfj;ksa vkSj dkmf.V;ksa osQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ vfrfjDr 21 uxjksa (Boroughs) ls Hkh nks&nks çfrfufèk
vkeafU=kr gq,A igyh ckj laln dh çfrfuè;kRed çd`fr dks bruk O;kid vkSj ØkfUrdkjh :i fn;k x;kA
1295bZñ esa ,MoMZ çFke us laln~ dh cSBd cqyk;hA ;g bfrgkl esa ^vkn'kZ laln~* (Model Parliament) osQ uke
ls fo[;kr gS] D;ksafd 400 O;fDr;ksa dh bl lHkk esa çk;% lHkh çeq[k oxks±&oSju] iknjh] ukbV] uxj vkfn dks
çfrfufèkRo feykA blosQ i'pkr~ fczfV'k O;oLFkk dk og ,d LFkkuh; vkSj vfuok;Z vax cu x;hA rRi'pkr~
V~;wMj vkSj LVqvVZ dky esa laoSèkkfud rFkk jktuSfrd Økafr;k¡ pyrh jgha ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i laln~ vfèkd
'kfDr'kkyh rFkk çfrfuè;kRed curh x;ha vBkjgoha 'krkCnh esa lezkV~ ,d laoSèkkfud çèkku ek=k jg x;k vkSj
laln~ iw.kZ lkoZHkkSe gks x;hA mUuhloha rFkk orZeku 'krkCnh esa ;g fodkl iw.kZ gks x;kA
baXySaM esa 'kq: ls gh laln~ dk :i va'kr% çfrfuè;kRed (Representative) jgk gS] D;ksafd uxjksa vkSj lkeUrksa
osQ çfrfufèk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa pqus tkrs FksA baXySaM osQ fy, çfrfufèkRo dk fl¼kar dksbZ u;k fl¼kar ugha
FkkA laln ls iwoZ LFkkuh; laLFkkvksa esa bldk ç;ksx gksus yxk FkkA ;g dguk xyr gksxk fd çfrfufèkRo i¼fr
dk mn; teZuh osQ taxyks esa vkSj fodkl lSDlu ;qx osQ baXySaM esa gqvk ftls ckn esa lalnh; laLFkkvksa esa bldk
ç;ksx gksus yxk FkkA eè;;qxhu laln dh lnL;rk vfèkdkj dh vis{kk dfBu vkSj nq%[knk;h Fkh] dSn vkSj gR;k
dk Hk; cuk jgrk Fkk] lnL;rk fdlh osQ flj ij tcjnLrh e<+h tkrh FkhA vr% lPph çfrfuè;kRed ljdkj
dh LFkkiuk orZeku dky esa gqbZA ysfdu bldh uhao o`gr~ lHkk esa dkmUVh vkSj ckSjksa dks çfrfufèkRo nsus osQ lkFk
iM+ pqdh FkhA blosQ mn; dk dkj.k Lora=krk ;k Lo'kklu osQ çfr çse ugha] cfYd jktkvksa dh dj çkIr djus
dh 'kfDr dk fojksèk FkkA
baXySaM dh Hkk¡fr vU; ns'kksa esa çfrfufèkd laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk dh rFkk 'kfDr gLrkUrfjr djus osQ fy, la?k"kZ
çkjEHk gqvkA Úkal dh xkSjoiw.kZ Økafr (Glorious Revolution) us çfrfuè;kRed ç.kkyh dh LFkkiuk dh fn'kk
esa ,d egku la?k"kZ fd;kA vejhdh mifuos'kksa us ^fcuk çfrfufèkRo osQ dj ugha* (No taxation without
representation) dk ukjk yxk;k rFkk vUr esa yksdra=k çfrfuè;kRed ljdkj dh LFkkiuk esa liQy gq,A fo'o
osQ vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh çfrfufèkd laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, vkUnksyu gq,A bldk ifj.kke ;g fudyk fd
yksdrU=kh; rFkk vfèkuk;doknh ns'kksa esa leku :i ls çfrfuèkkRed ç.kkyh viuk;h tk jgh gSA
izkphu rFkk eqxydkyhu Hkkjr esa njckj izFkk osQ vUrxZr tkxhjnkjksa rFkk lkeUrksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk Fkk]

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