Page 320 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—13% jktuhfrd ny

(6) iztkrkaf=kd osQUnzoknμphuh lkE;oknh ny dk laxBu iztkrkaf=kd osQUnzokn osQ fl¼kar ij vkèkkfjr gSA uksV
lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 5 esa ;g fy[kk gqvk gS fd ¶jk"Vªh; tu&dk¡xzsl LFkkuh; tu&dk¡xzsl vkSj jkT; osQ
vU; lHkh vax iztkrU=kh; osQUnzokn dk iz;ksx djrs FksA¸ ekvks&Rls&rqax us viuh iqLrd lfEefyr ljdkj
(On Coalition Government) esa fy[kk gS fd ¶phu esa jktuhfrd iz.kkyh ,d gh lkFk iztkrkaf=kd vkSj
osQfUnzr gS vFkkZr~ iztkrU=k osQ vkèkkj ij osQfUnzr iFk&izn'kZu osQ vèkhu gksus osQ dkj.k iztkrU=kh; gSA¸ bldk
vFkZ ;g gS fd izR;sd fuEu Lrj dh ny&laLFkk vius mPp Lrj dh ny&laLFkk dk fuokZpu djrh gS]
ysfdu izR;sd fuEu laxBu vius mPp laxBu osQ vèkhu gksrk gS vkSj blosQ vkns'kkuqlkj gh dksbZ dk;Z
dj ldrk gS ny osQ lHkh vax fuokZfpr gksrs gSa] ny dh izR;sd fuEuLrjh; 'kk[kk viuh mPp 'kk[kk osQ
izfr mÙkjnk;h gksrh gS rFkk mlosQ vkns'kkuqlkj dk;Z djrh gSA
(7) la;qDr&ekspkZ (Joiont front)μphuh lkE;oknh Økafr dk usr`Ro osQoy Jfed oxZ osQ gkFk esa ugha lkSairs
gSa cfYd Jfedksa rFkk vU; leku oxks± dks feykdj ,d la;qDr ekspkZ dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa rFkk mlh
osQ dèkksa ij Økafr dh j{kk rFkk lektokn dh LFkkiuk dk Hkkj lkSairs gSA la;qDr&ekspsZ esa iw¡thifr]
lkeUroknh rFkk ukSdj'kkgh oxks± osQ yksxksa dks LFkku ugha fn;k x;k gSA la;qDr ekspsZ dk vfUre lkE;oknh
ny djrk gSA ekspsZ osQ fofHkUu oxks± rFkk fgrksa dks izfrfufèkRo iznku djus osQ fy, fofHkUu jktuhfrd
nyksa rFkk laxBuksa osQ vfLrRo dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu bu NksVs nyksa ;k laxBuksa dks lkE;oknh
ny osQ usr`Ro esa dk;Z djuk iM+rk gSA

13-4 ;w-osQ-] ;w-,l-,- vkSj Úkal esa fgr lewg vFkok ncko lewg (Interest Group
or Pressure Group in UK, USA and France)

fczVsu esa ncko lewg (Pressure Groups in U.K.): vU; ns'kksa dh Hkk¡fr baXySaM esa Hkh ncko lewg ik;s tkrs
gSa] ysfdu budh la[;k vkSj budk ncko vesfjdh ncko lewgksa ls de gSA baXySaM osQ ncko lewg ny osQ vUnj
gh lfØ; izHkko Mkyrs gSaA vuqnkj ny vkSj etnwj ny nksuksa esa ls izR;sd ls dksbZ&u&dksbZ xqV lEc¼ jgrk
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, Jfed la?k lkèkkj.kr% etnwj ny ls vkSj Ñ"kd ny lkèkkj.kr% vuqnkj ny ls lEcUèk
j[krs gSaA fczVsu esa ncko&lewg osQ fodflr ugha gksus dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd ogk¡ futh foèks;dksa dh
lekU;r% mis{kk dh tkrh gS vkSj muosQ ikfjr gksus dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gSA vr% ncko lewg nyksa osQ vUnj
gh viuk izHkko izn£'kr djrs gSa rFkk vn`'; :i ls vius dk;Z djok fy;k djrs gSaA ;s ,d ekè;e osQ :i
ls dke djrs gSa] ftlosQ tfj;s turk osQ fo'ks"k fgrksa osQ ckjs esa ljdkj dks lwpuk izkIr gksrh gSA
fczVsu osQ ncko lewgksa dks nks oxks± esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμfgr (Interest Groups) vkSj oSpkfjd lewg (Ideas
Groups) fgr lewgksa dks iqu% nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμmRiknd lewg (Producer Groups) vkSj miHkksDrk
lewg (Consumer Groups)A mRiknd lewg esa nks gtkj ls Åij fu;kstd la?k (Employer Association)
ik;s tkrs gSaA vfèkdka'k fu;kstd la?k fdlh cM+s la?k osQ :i esa laxfBr gksrs gSaA 1965 esa fczfV'k m|ksx ifjla?k
(Confederation of British Industries) dh LFkkiuk gqbZ tks m|ksxksa ls lacafèkr cM+s&cM+s jk"Vªh; la?kksa dks
feykdj cuk gSA fczfV'k m|ksx la?k (Confederation of British Industries), fczfV'k fu;kstd ifjla?k (British
Employer Confederation) vkSj fczfV'k jk"Vªh; la?k (National Association of British Manufactures)

eq[; ncko lewg gSa tks fczfV'k m|ksx ifjla?k dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA ifjla?k ,d cgqr cM+k laxBu gS] tks vius
lnL;ksa dks O;olk;h] f'k{kk] fu;kZr vkfn ls lacfèkr ijke'kZ nsrk gSA
mRiknd lewgksa esa ,sls Hkh lewg vkrs gSa tks fofHkUu is'kksa osQ }kjk cuk;s tkrs gSa tSlsμfczfV'k esfMdy ,lksfl,'ku]
fczfV'k MsUVy ,lksfl,'ku vkfn mRikndksa osQ la?k dh Hkk¡fr etnwjksa osQ la?k Hkh ik;s tkrs gSaA etnwj la?k NksVs
vkdkj ls ysdj cgqr cM+s vkdkj rd osQ gksrs gSaA etnwj la?kksa esa lcls cM+k la?k VªkUliksVZ ,oa tujy ;wfu;u

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