Page 321 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (Transport & General Work’s Union) gSaA vfèkdka'k etnwj la?k jk"Vªh; etnwj la?k ls lEcfUèkr gSa] ftl
VsªM ;wfu;u dk¡xzsl (Trade Union Congress) dgrs gSaA fdlkuksa osQ Hkh la?k gaS ftUgsa us'kuy iQkjelZ ;wfu;u
(National Farmers Union) vkSj us'kuy ;wfu;u vkWiQ ,xzhdYpjy ooZQlZ (National Union of Agricultural
Workers) dgrs gSaA
mRikndksa dh rqyuk esa miHkksDrk lewg ugha osQ cjkcj laxfBr gSA fiQj Hkh muosQ oqQN 'kfDr'kkyh lewg ekStwn
gSa] tSls vkWVkseksckby ,lksfl,'ku (Automobile Association) vkSj jkW;y ,s'kksfl;u Dyc (Royal Association
Club)A vfèkdka'k miHkksDrk la?k vHkh 'kq:vkr dh fLFkfr esa gSA LFkkuh; Lrj ij f'k{kk] LokLF;] cky&dY;k.k
vkfn osQ lacaèk esa ,sls lewg ik;s tkrs gSaA
oSpkfjd lewg (Ideas Groups) fgr lewg ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA os HkkSfrd iQk;ns osQ fy, ugha] cfYd oqQN fopkjksa
dk c<+kok nsus osQ fy, clk, tkrs gSaA muosQ lkeus oqQN vkn'kZ jgrs gSa] ftudh izkfIr osQ fy, os laxfBr gksrs
gSa rFkk iz;kl djrs gSaA tSls us'kuy dEisu iQkj n ,cksfy'ku vkWiQ osQfiVy ifu'kesaV (National Compaign
for the Abolition of Capital Punishment) ,d vkn'kZ ls izsfjr FkkA mlh izdkj vfÚdu C;wjks vkSj vfÚdu
dkmfUly osQ lnL; esa tkfr&foHksn osQ fojksèk osQ fy, dk;e fd;s x;s gSaA buosQ ikl LVkWiQ ugha osQ cjkcj jgrk
gS vkSj budh vkenuh dk tfj;k Hkh ux.; gSA
fczVsu osQ ncko lewg foèkku eaMy osQ tfj, viuk izHkko ugha tek ikrs gSaA os izk;% iz'kkldh; foHkkxksa vkSj
lfefr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls dke djrs gSaA izk;% ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd O;ogkj esa fczfV'k efU=kifj"kn dkuwu dks
vfUre :i nsus ls igys gh leLr laxfBr izHkko'kkyh xqVksa ls ijke'kZ dj ysrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, etnwj
ny dh ljdkj us tc dks;ys dh [knkuksa] ok;qekxZ rFkk jsyekxZ dk jk"Vªh;dj.k fd;k rks mlus bu m|ksxksa osQ
Jfed lewgksa rFkk izcUèkdksa ls igys lykg&e'kfojk dj fy;kA ;fn dkuwu ikfjr Hkh gks tkrk gS vkSj ncko
lewg mls vius fgrksa esa eksM+ nsus esa vliQy gksrs gSa rks mudk vxyk dne mu ijke'kZnkrk lfefr;ksa ij izHkko
Mkyuk gksrk gS tks izR;sd ljdkjh foHkkx osQ lkFk lEc¼ gksrh gSA iz'kkldh; foHkkxksa rFkk lfefr;ksa esa buosQ
lq>koksa ij xEHkhj :i ls fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA iz'kkldh; foHkkx ls lEcfUèkr xqVksa dks lkoZtfud :i ls Lohdkj
Hkh dj ysrs gSa Je ea=kky; le;≤ ij ekfydksa osQ la?kksa] Jfed la?kksa rFkk fgrksa ls lEcfUèkr vU; la?kksa
dh funsZf'kdk izdkf'kr djrk gS] ftlls mudk vfèkÑr izpkj gksrk gSA bu xqVksa ls ljdkj rFkk futh laLFkku
nksuksa gh ijke'kZ djrs gSaA ijke'kZnkrk lfefr;ksa ;k muosQ lnL;ksa osQ ekè;e ls Hkh ijke'kZ gksrk gSA le;≤
ij Lej.k&i=kksa dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj vkSipkfjd ijke'kZ rFkk vukSipkfjd uSfrd lEioZQ osQ }kjk
ikjLifjd fopkj&foe'kZ fu;fer :i ls pyrk gSA osQ- lh- gh;j us bl fo"k; ij fVIi.kh nsrs gq, dgk gS
fd 'kk;n gh ,slk dksbZ dk;Z gksrk gksxk ftl ij dksbZ lfefr bl ns'k esa fcuk fdlh la?k fgr&lewg vFkok
izHkkod xqV osQ izfrfufèk;ksa ls fopkj djrh gksxhA
la{ksi esa] vesfjdk osQ foijhr baXySaM esa xqV laln dh vis{kk iz'kklu ij lkèkkj.kr% vfèkd ncko Mkyrs gSaA
LFkkuh; ,oa 'kklu osQ Lrj ij ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd mldh bdkb;k¡ ,d xqV cukdj nyksa vkSj ljdkj osQ
dk;ZØeksa dks izHkkfor djrh gSA dkmUVh ifj"knksa dk la?k rFkk LdkWVySaM dh dkmUVh ifj"knsa blosQ mnkgj.k gSaA
bl rjg osQ ncko lewg cgqr de ns'kksa esa ik;s tkrs gSaA oqQN fo}kuksa] tSlsμlseqvy chvj dk dguk gS fd
vktdy fczVsu esa ncko lewg vesfjdk ls vfèkd rkdroj gSa] pw¡fd fczVsu esa ,dkRed ljdkj gS vkSj nwljs
egk;q¼ osQ ckn ls yksd&dY;k.kdkjh jkT; fu;af=kr vFkZO;oLFkk ykus osQ fy, opuc¼ gS] blfy, bl ns'k esa
ncko&lewg ljdkj ls vfèkd&ls&vfèkd fj;klrsa ysus dh fLFkfr esa gSA deks± vkSj uhfr;ksa osQ fuèkkZj.k esa vfèkd
izHkko ik;k tkrk gSA blesa 'kd ugha fd os brus etcwr ugha gSa fd ljdkjh foHkkxkas dks fu;af=kr dj losQ ysfdu
foHkkxksa dh uhfr;ksa ij os ges'kk izHkko Mkyrs gSaA

316 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY