Page 322 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—13% jktuhfrd ny

fczfV'k ncko lewgksa dk vlj dHkh&dHkh bruk vfèkd ik;k tkrk gS fd mlls tufgr dks [krjk fn[kkbZ nsus uksV
yxrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, 1958 rd us'kuy iQkjelZ ;wfu;u dk Ñf"k ea=kky; ij cgqr T;knk izHkko Fkk]
ftlosQ pyrs ljdkj ,slh vU;&ewY; uhfr dks viuk;s jgh] tks vke yksxksa osQ fgrksa osQ f[kykiQ FkhA
ewY;&uhfr esa fdlh izdkj osQ ifjorZu osQ fy, la?k rS;kj ugha FkkA blesa 'kd ugha fd le;≤ ij ljdkj
'kfDr'kkyh xqV lewgksa osQ izHkko dks jksdus dh dksf'k'k djrh jgh gSA fiQj Hkh xqV lewgksa dh ek¡x osQ vkxs
ljdkj dks izk;% >qduk gh iM+rk gSA

vesfjdk esa ncko&lewg (Pressure Groups in U.S.A)

la;qDr&jkT; vesfjdk esa ncko&lewgksa us ns'k dh lfØ; jktuhfr esa ftl izdkj ;ksxnku fn;k gS] og fo'o esa
vU;=k dgha ugha feyrk gSA ;gk¡ lpeqp esa mUgksaus vn`';&lkezkT; (Anonymous Empire) dk :i ys fy;k
gSA bl ns'k esa fgr&lewg dk¡xzsl osQ lnL;ksa dks O;fDrxr :i ls cgqr vfèkd izHkkfor djrs gSaA ;gha ij lcls
igys ^ykWfcbax* (Lobbying) dh izFkk vkjEHk gqbZA blh izfØ;k osQ nkSjku izR;sd foèks;d osQ i{k vFkok foi{k
esa ernku djus osQ fy, lnL;ksa ij ncko Mkyk tkrk gSA baXySaM] Hkkjr] dukMk tSls ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa vesfjdh
fgr&lewg cgqr vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj rkdroj gSA bu ns'kksa osQ foijhr mudk lEcUèk 'kklu vkSj foèkkueaMy
nksuksa ls izR;{k :i ls jgrk gSA mUgsa vius izHkko osQ fy, jktuhfrd nyksa dk lgkjk ugha ysuk iM+rk gS mYVs
nyksa osQ usrk gh mudk lg;ksx ikus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
fxziQhFk us vesfjdh ncko&lewgksa dks pkj oxks± esa ck¡Vk gSμO;kikfjd] Ñf"k&lEcUèkh] Je&lEcUèkh rFkk
cqf¼thohA ;g oxhZdj.k vc iqjkuk iM+ x;k gSA vktdy rjg&rjg osQ u;s xqV&lewg iSnk gks x;s gSa mudh
la[;k cM+h rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA vc u osQoy o`gr~ fgrksa ls lEcfUèkr ncko&lewg gh jg x;s cfYd rjg&rjg
osQ fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy, u,&izdkj osQ xqV iSnk gks x;sA mnkgj.k osQ fy, o;kso`¼ksa dk viuk xqV gS ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa oQk vyx gS] uhxzks vuqnkj fopkj okys miHkksDrkvksa vUrjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksxokfn;ksa vkSj ns'kHkDrksa us vius
xqV cuk,a gSaA O;kolkf;d vkèkkj ij rjg&rjg osQ xqVksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk gS] odhyksa] MkWDVjksa vkSj f'k{kdksa osQ
vius&vius fgr&lewg gSaA blh izdkj O;kikfj;ksa vkSj Ñ"kdksa esa Hkh rjg&rjg osQ xqV iSnk gks x, gSaA etnwj
xqVksa esa rks vusd izfr}U}h xqVksa us tUe fy;k gSA 'kgjh vkSj nsgkrh fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy, Hkh xqVksa dk fuekZ.k

fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj vkt vesfjdk esa vufxur ncko&lewg ik;s tkrs gSaA budh la[;k bruh vfèkd gS
fd mudh iwjh lwph rS;kj dj ikuk eqf'dy gSA
fiQj Hkh cM+s xqV&lewg eq[;r% vk£Fkd fgrksa ls lacfUèkr gSa] [kkldj O;kikj lsA budk lEcUèk fofuekZ.k]
ifjogu] fctyh vkSj xSl dh lsok,¡] [knkuksa vkSj oqQN gn rd Ø;&foØ; lsok m|ksxksa vkSj Ñf"k ls lEcfUèkr
gSaA FkksM+s esa] O;kolkf;d oxZ etnwj vkSj Ñf"k ls lEcfUèkr gS] ysfdu vius&vius vk£Fkd fgrksa dh j{kk osQ
fy, cM+s iSekus ij ncko&lewgksa dh LFkkiuk fd;s gq, gSaA mngkj.k osQ fy,] Ñ"kd ncko&lewgksa esa us'kuy xst]
vesfjdu iQkje C;wjks isQMjs'ku] iQkjelZ] ,tqosQ'ku ,.M dksvksijsfVo ;wfu;u] VhusUVl~ ,.M 'ks;j dkilZ ;wfu;u
vkfn xqVksa osQ uke fy;s tk ldrs gSaA blh rjg Jfedksa osQ Hkh vusd la?k ;k xqV gSa ftuesa izeq[k vesfjdu
isQMjs'ku vkWiQ yscj] dk¡xzsl vkWiQ n baMfLVª;y vkxsZfuts'ku rFkk fofHkUu jsy etnwj laxBu gSaA

ncko lewgksa dk ,d nwljk cM+k oxZ ns'kHkDr vkSj lektlsoh laxBuksa dk gS tSls MkWVlZ vkWiQ vesfjdu fjoksY;q'ku
(Daughters of American Revolution), vesfjdu fytUl (American Legions) osVjul vkWiQ iQkWju oklZ
(Vetarns of Foregin Wars), rFkk usoh yhx (Navy League) vkfnA rhljk oxZ lqèkkjd xqVksa dk gSa]
tSlsμohesUl fØf'p;u VsEisjsl ;wfu;u (Women’s Christian Temperence Union), us'kuy flfoyt l£olst
(National Civil Services), fjiQkeZ yhx (Reform League), yhx vkWiQ ohesUl oksVlZ (League of Women’s

Voters) vkfnA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 317