Page 328 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZ—13% jktuhfrd ny

vax J`a[kyk&c¼ (Hierarchical) rFkk O;ofLFkr gSA bl fijkfeM dk vkèkkj LFkkuh; ny laxBu vFkok uksV
lsy (Cell) gS vkSj 'kh"kZ ij ny dh osQUnzh; lfefr dk iksfyr C;wjks (Polit Bureau) gSA bu fofHkUu Lrjh;
laxBuksa osQ lacaèk dk vkèkkj iztkrkaf=kd osQUnzokn (Democratic Centralism) gSA
lcls fuEu Lrj LFkkuh; ny&laxBu vFkok lsy (Cell) gksrs gSaA muosQ Åij xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh dk¡xzsl
gksrh gSA ;s iqu% dkm.Vh ;k E;qfufliy dk¡xzsl osQ lnL;ksa dks pqurh gSA dkm.Vh ;k E;qfufliy dk¡xzsl
osQ Åij izknsf'kd dk¡xzslksa vkSj muosQ Åij osQUnzh; jk"Vªh; dk¡xzsl gksrh gSA nyh; laxBu dh ,d izeq[k
fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd fuEu Lrj dk laxBu vius ls Åijh Lrj osQ laxBu dk pquko djrk gSA
iksfyrC;wjks (Polit Bureau)% osQUnzh; lfefr }kjk fuokZfpr ,d NksVk dk;Zdkjh fudk; gSA mldh lnL;
la[;k 50 gSA ;g ny dk izeq[k jktuhfrd vax gSA ;g lEiw.kZ ny osQ laxBu dks lapkfyr djrk
gSA ;g ny dh osQUnzh; lfefr osQ vfèkos'ku dks vkeaf=kr djrk gSA
iksfyr C;wjks ls Hkh izHkkodkjh rFkk fØ;k'khy fudk; mldk LFkk;h lfefr (Standing Commitee) gSA
;g lEiw.kZ ny dk efLr"d gSA blesa ny osQ jk"Vªh; Lrj osQ mPpdksfV osQ bus&fxus usrk LFkku ikrs
gSaA tSls pkÅ ,u ykbZ] ekvks&Rls&rqax] fyÅ 'kkvks&ph] pkÅ rsg] psu ;qu] fyu I;kvks tSls f'k[kj osQ
usrkA bu lfefr;ksa dh fLFkfr jk"Vªh; uhfr fuekZ.k esa loksZifj gSA

baXySaM osQ ncko lewg ny osQ vUnj gh lfØ; izHkko Mkyrs gSaA vuqnkj ny vkSj etnwj ny nksuksa esa ls
izR;sd ls dksbZ&u&dksbZ xqV lEc¼ jgrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, Jfed la?k lkèkkj.kr% etnwj ny ls vkSj
Ñ"kd ny lkèkkj.kr% vuqnkj ny ls lEcUèk j[krs gSaA fczVsu esa ncko&lewg osQ fodflr ugha gksus dk
,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd ogk¡ futh foèks;dksa dh lkekU;r% mis{kk dh tkrh gS vkSj muosQ ikfjr gksus
dh lEHkkouk de gksrh gSA vr% ncko lewg nyksa osQ vUnj gh viuk izHkko izn£'kr djrs gSa rFkk vn`';
:i ls vius dk;Z djok fy;k djrs gSaA

fczVsu osQ ncko lewgksa dks nks oxks± esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμfgr (Interest Groups) vkSj oSpkfjd lewg
(Ideas Groups) fgr lewgksa dks iqu% nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμmRiknd lewg (Producer Groups)

vkSj miHkksDrk lewg (Consumer Groups)A
1965 esa fczfV'k m|ksx ifjla?k (Confederation of British Industries) dh LFkkiuk gqbZ tks m|ksxksa ls
lacafèkr cM+s&cM+s jk"Vªh; la?kksa dks feykdj cuk gSA fczfV'k m|ksx la?k (Confederation of British
Industries), fczfV'k fu;kstd ifjla?k (British Employer Confederation) vkSj fczfV'k jk"Vªh; la?k
(National Association of British Manufactures) eq[; ncko lewg gSa tks fczfV'k m|ksx ifjla?k dk
fuekZ.k djrs gSaA ifjla?k ,d cgqr cM+k laxBu gS] tks vius lnL;ksa dks O;kolk;h] f'k{kk] fu;kZr vkfn
ls lacfèkr ijke'kZ nsrk gSA
oSpkfjd lewg (Ideas Groups) fgr lewg ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA os HkkSfrd iQk;ns osQ fy, ugha] cfYd oqQN
fopkjksa dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy, clk, tkrs gSaA muosQ lkeus oqQN vkn'kZ jgrs gSa] ftudh izkfIr osQ fy,
os laxfBr gksrs gSa rFkk iz;kl djrs gSa tSls us'kuy dEisu iQkj n ,cksfy'ku vkWiQ osQfiVy ifu'kesaV
(National Compaign for the Abolition of Capital Punishment) ,d vkn'kZ ls izsfjr FkkA
la;qDr&jkT; vesfjdk esa ncko&lewgksa us ns'k dh lfØ; jktuhfr esa ftl izdkj ;ksxnku fn;k gS] og fo'o
esa vU;=k dgha ugha feyrk gSA ;gk¡ lpeqp esa mUgksaus vn`';&lkezkT; (Anonymous Empire) dk :i
ys fy;k gSA bl ns'k esa fgr&lewg dk¡xzsl osQ lnL;ksa dks O;fDrxr :i ls cgqr vfèkd izHkkfor djrs
gSaA ;gha ij lcls igys ^ykWfcbax* (Lobbying) dh izFkk vkjEHk gqbZA

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