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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV gksus osQ D;k dkj.k gSa vkSj Hkkjr esa vliQy gksus osQ D;k dkj.k gSaA rqyukRed vè;;u ls gh ;g Kku çkIr fd;k
tk ldrk gS fd lalnh; rFkk vè;{kkRed i¼fr;ksa dks liQy cukus osQ fy, fdu 'krks± (conditions) dk gksuk
vko';d gSA
5- jktuhfr dks oSKkfud vè;;u cukuk (Making Politics a Scientific Study) %& rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ
vè;;u dks ,d oSKkfud vè;;u cukrk gSA vkjEHk ls gh jktuhfr 'kkL=k osQ fo}ku~ ,oa fopkjd jktuhfr dks foKku
cukus osQ fy, ç;Ru'khy jgs gSaA jktuhfr 'kkL=k dks foKku cukus osQ fy, oSKkfud i¼fr;ksa dk gksuk Hkh vko';d
gSA vkSj oSKkfud i¼fr;ksa esa rqyukRed i¼fr dk cgqr egÙo gSA vjLrw us 158 lafoèkkuksa dk vè;;u djus osQ
i'pkr~ Økafr osQ dkj.kksa vkSj Økafr dks jksdus osQ mik;ksa dk foospu fd;k FkkA rqyukRed jktuhfr] jktuhfrd
çfØ;kvksa ij ç;ksx djosQ fuf'prrk dks fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA lu~ 1945 osQ ckn] tc ls O;ogkjokn dk tUe gqvk
gS] rc ls vkt rd jktuhfr 'kkL=k dh oSKkfudrk dh [kkst dh vkèkqfudre vfHkO;fDr ge rqyukRed jktuhfrd
vè;;u esa gh ikrs gSaA O;ogkjokn us rqyukRed jktuhfr dks foKku dk :i nsus esa lgk;rk dh gSA ihVj ,p-
edZy (Peter H. Merkel) osQ vuqlkj ¶rqyukRed vè;;u osQ vkèkkj ij gh jktuhfr 'kkL=k foKku dh Js.kh esa
vk ldk gS vkSj lEHkor% blfy, vjLrw osQ ckn ls vkt rd çfrf"Br vkSj Js"Bre fopkjd jktuhfr osQ rqyuk
esa :fp ysrs jgs gSaA¸ jktuhfr dk rqyukRed vè;;u djrs le; igys vejhdk] Úkal] fczVsu vkfn ;wjksi osQ ns'kksa
osQ 'kklu rFkk jktuhfr dk rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu vc ,f'k;k vkSj vÚhdk osQ fodkl'khy
ns'kksa esa 'kklu ,oa jktuhfr dk Hkh rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA blh rjg igys osQoy vkSipkfjd laLFkkvksa
foèkkue.My] dk;Zikfydk ,oa U;k;ikfydk dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu vc vukSipkfjd laLFkkvksaμncko
lewgksa] ernku] tuer vkfn dk Hkh vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA vr% rqyukRed i¼fr igys dh vis{kk vfèkd O;kid
vkSj mi;ksxh cu xbZ gS ftl dkj.k og vfèkd oSKkfud cu xbZ gSA

6- çpfyr jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dh iqu% çekf.kdrk (Re-validification of Existing Political Theories)%
rqyukRed jktuhfr dh egÙoiw.kZ mi;ksfxrk ;g gS fd bldh lgk;rk ls çpfyr jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk] pkgs
os vkn'kZoknh fl¼kar gksa ;k vkuqHkfod fl¼kUr] iqu% ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mudh çekf.kdrk tk¡ph tkrh
gSA ge rqyukRed jktuhfrd vè;;u ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa fd iqjkus LFkkfir jktuhfrd fl¼kUr orZeku
dh ifjofrZr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh ekU; gSa ;k ugha vkSj ;fn ekU; gSa rks fdrus mfpr vkSj fdrus vuqfpr gSaA rqyukRed
jktuhfr LFkkfir jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dh iqu% tk¡p djus osQ fy, uohu midj.k o uohurk;qDr fofoèk rF;
miyCèk djkrh gS rkfd mudh çekf.kdrk dk iqu% ijh{k.k lEHko gksA ,d le; Fkk tc yksdrU=k osQ jktuhfr
i{k ij tks fn;k tkrk Fkk ijUrq vc jktuhfrd i{k osQ lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd i{k ij Hkh cy fn;k tkrk gSA
7- jk"Vªksa osQ ?kfu"B lEcUèkksa osQ dkj.k rqyuk vfuok;Z (Close Relations Between Countries Led to
Comparison) :vkt lalkj osQ lHkh ns'k ,d nwljs osQ lehi vk x, gSaA foKku dh mUufr] lapkj rFkk ;krk;kr
osQ lkèkuksa osQ fodkl us ns'kksa dh nwjh dks cgqr de dj fn;k gSA nwjh de gksus ls jk"Vªksa esa ?kfu"Brk c<+h gSa vkSj
ijLij ?kfu"Brk c<+us ls ,d nwljs dh 'kklu i¼fr] jguμlgu] lEcUèkksa] ;kstukvksa dh liQyrk rFkk rduhdh
vknku&çnku esa Hkh #fp c<+ tkrh gSA vr% rqyukRed vè;;u vfuok;Z gks tkrk gSA çksñ gSfjax (Prof. herring)
osQ 'kCnks esa] ¶ns'kksa osQ lkFk gekjs lEcUèk gSa] mudh laLd`fr] fopkjèkkjk] bfrgkl vkSj mu leLr rÙoksa dk tks
jktuhfr ij çHkko Mkyrs gSa] rqyukRed vè;;u cgqr t:jh gSA blls u osQoy mu ns'kksa dh jktuhfr O;oLFkk
dks T;knk vPNh rjg le>k tk ldrk gS] cfYd ge viuh O;oLFkk dk Hkh lgh ewY;kadu rqyukRed vè;;u
}kjk gh dj ldrs gSA¸ (Careful studies that deal comparatively with the cultures and the ideologies,
the historical development and the whole complex of forces that seek final expression politically
would lead not only to a better understanding of the countries of the world with which we must
deal but should likewise enable us to understand ourselves better)

8- jktuhfrd okLrfodrk osQ vè;;u osQ fy, (For the Study of Political Reality) % jktuhfrd okLrfodrk
dks tkuus osQ fy, rqyukRed jktuhfr dk cM+k egÙo gS rqyukRed vè;;u dk lacUèk ,sls rjhosQ ls ubZ rduhdksa

328 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY