Page 334 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ14% Hkw&e.Myhdj.k

vkSj mikxeksa osQ ekè;e ls jktuhfrd okLrfodrk osQ vè;;u osQ fu:i.k ls gS] ftlls jktuhfr dk leLr {ks=k uksV
blosQ vUrxZr vk tk,A
9- jktuhfr esa fl¼kar fuekZ.k (Theory-building in Politics) % rqyukRed jktuhfr dk egÙo jktuhfr esa
^fl¼kUr fuekZ.k* (Theory-building in Politics) dh n`f"V ls Hkh gSA rqyukRed vè;;u ls gh fdlh 'kkL=k osQ
fl¼kUrksa dk fuekZ.k o fu;eksa dk fu:i.k lEHko gksrk gSA çkphu dky ls gh jktuhfr 'kkL=k esa ,sls fl¼kUrksa vkSj
lkekU; fu;eksa dh [kkst dh tkrh jgh gS tks lEiw.kZ fo'o osQ jktuhfrd O;ogkj dks eksVs :i esa le>us esa lgk;rk
djsaA jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dks eksVs rkSj ij nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSμvkn'kZu fl¼kUr (Normative Theory) rFkk
vkuqHkfod fl¼kar (Empirical Theory)A vkn'kZd fl¼kUr esa jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa osQ ckjs esa dksbZ dYiuk dj
yh tkrh gS vkSj ckn esa ml dYiuk dks jpukRed :i fn;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.kLo:i IysVks us nk'kZfud jktk
(Philosopher King) dh dYiuk dh vkSj mlosQ vkèkkj ij gh vkn'kZ jkT; (Ideal State) dk fopkj çLrqr fd;kA
bl çdkj osQ vkn'kkZRed fl¼kUr dk Bksl rF;ksa ls dksbZ lEcUèk ugha gksrk vkSj u gh rqyukRed jktuhfr bl çdkj
osQ fl¼kUrksa osQ fuekZ.k esa dksbZ lgk;rk djrh gS ijUrq vkèkqfud fl¼kUrksa esa jktuhfrd O;ogkj osQ okLrfod rF;ksa
dks le> dj fl¼kUrksa osQ fuekZ.k dk ç;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vè;;u dk egÙo vkuqHkfod
fl¼karksa osQ fuekZ.k esa gh gSA
Hkwe.Myhdj.k (Globalization): 20oha 'krkCnh osQ mÙkjk¼Z esa Hkwe.Myhdj.k rFkk vU; mHkjrh ço`fÙk;ksa dk o.kZu
fuEufyf[kr gS %
(d) O;oLFkkvksa dk vè;;u % 1960 ls ysdj 1980 osQ n'kd esa rqyukRed jktuSfrd fo'ys"k.k esa dkiQh fodkl
gqvkA bldk {ks=k foLr`r gqvk vkSj blesa cM+h la[;k esa ns'k 'kkfey fd, x,A uhfr fopkjèkkjk] 'kkldh; vuqHko
vkSj blh çdkj osQ dbZ ekunaMks dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA gkykafd 1980 osQ n'kd esa lkekU; fl¼kar ls vyx gVdj
lanHkZ dh çklafxdrk ij cy fn;k tkus yxkA va'kr% ;g lkekftd foKkuksa esa ,sfrgkfld tk¡p iM+rky osQ fiQj
ls c<+ jgs çHkko dks çfrfcafcr djrk gSA ;g ml ^,sfrgkfld lekt'kkL=k* osQ mn; dks Hkh n'kkZrk gS tks ifj?kVukvksa
dks O;kid vkSj o`gn lanHkZ esa ns[kus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA laLd`fr vkèkkfjr vè;;uksa dk tksj c<+k vkSj jk"Vªh;rk
vkèkkfjr ns'k vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd laLFkkxr fof'k"V jk"Vª ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkus yxkA ^cM+h O;oLFkkvksa* ij cy
fn;k tkus yxk vkSj ekWMy fuekZ.k dk ßkl gqvkA fof'k"V lanHkZ vkSj laLd`fr;ksa ij cy fn, tkus osQ dkj.k rqyuk
dk ekunaM O;kid fd;k x;kA ^NksVh O;oLFkkvksa* ;k {ks=kksa osQ Lrjksa ij rqyuk dh ço`fÙk tkjh jgha tSls bLyke èkeZ
dks ekuusokys ySfVu vesfjdk osQ ns'k] vÚhdk] nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkfnA
([k) ukxfjd lekt vkSj turkaf=kd n`f"Vdks.k % lksfo;r la?k osQ fo?kVu osQ ckn ^bfrgkl dk var* dh
voèkkj.kk lkeus vkbZA ÚSaflfl iQqD;q;kek us n ,UM vkWiQ fgLVªh uked ys[k fy[kkA ckn esa mUgksaus blh fo"k; ij
n ,UM vkWiQ fgLVªh ,.M n ykLV eSu uked iqLrd fy[khA mUgksaus vius bl ys[k vkSj iqLrd esa dgk fd ^ekuo
ljdkj osQ vafre Lo:i* esa mnkjoknh çtkra=k dh LFkkiuk vkSj fot; ls fopkjksa dk bfrgkl lekIr gks x;kA ;g
1950 osQ n'kd ls pyh vk jgh ^fopkjèkkjk dk var* fo"k; ij gks jgh cgl dk Hkh ifjpk;d gS ftldk tUe
'khr;q¼ dh pje voLFkk esa vkSj if'pe esa lkE;okn osQ iru osQ lanHkZ esa gqvk FkkA if'peh mnkjoknh fo}kuksa
us ;g ckr lkeus j[kh fd if'pe osQ vkS|ksfxd lekt esa gq, vkfFkZd fodkl ls jktuSfrd leL;k,¡ gy gks xb±
tSls vktknh vkSj jkT; 'kfDr osQ ekeys] etnwjksa osQ vfèkdkj vkfn tks vkS|ksxhdj.k osQ lkFk&lkFk vkxs c<+sA
vesfjdk osQ lekt'kkL=kh Msfu;y csy us viuh iqLrd esa crk;k fd bl fodkl osQ lanHkZ esa ,d fopkjkRed
loZlEefr Fkh ;k jktuSfrd O;ogkj osQ eqís ij oSpkfjd erHksnksa dks LFkkfir dj fn;k x;k FkkA ;gk¡ ;g è;ku j[kuk
pkfg, fd bl HkweaMyhd`r nqfu;k esa vHkh Hkh lkjh ?kVuk,¡ if'peh iw¡thokn osQ bnZ&fxnZ ukp jgh gSA iw¡thokn dh
rFkkdfFkr fot; osQ lanHkZ esa ukxfjd lekt vkSj turka=khdj.k osQ vè;;u lacaèkh n`f"Vdks.kksa esa ukxfjd lekt
dk egÙo c<+k vkSj vkèkqfud iw¡thokn fo'o esa O;fDrxr vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk dh ckr dh tkus yxhA

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