Page 338 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ14% Hkw&e.Myhdj.k

uksV

fgr lewgu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

jktuhfrd ny (Political Parties): 1980 vkSj 1990 osQ n'kdksa ls igys rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa nyh; ç.kkfy;ka
(Party Systems) lkèkkj.kr% cgqr detksj jgh gSaA ns[kk tk, rks lÅnh vjc] drj] tkWMZu] cgjhu] dqoSr] vkSj
HkwVku tSls jktra=kh; ns'kksa esa rks dksbZ nyh; ç.kkyh jgh gh ugha] vkSj ogka dh jktuhfr ij 'kkld ifjokjksa (Ruling
Families) dk çHkqRo jgk gSA tgk¡&tgk¡ lSfud 'kklu (Military Rule) LFkkfir gksrk gS] ogka çpfyr jktuhfr
nyksa ij dkuwuh çfrcaèk yxk fn;k tkrk gSμtSlk fd ikfdLrku esa dbZ ckj gqvkA ijarq tc ogka vlSfud 'kklu
(Civilian Rule) dh ekax tksj idM+us yxrh gS] rc jktuhfrd ny fiQj ls mHkjdj lkeus vk tkrs gSaA
dqN ns'kksa esa ,dnyh; ç.kkyh dks blfy, c<+kok fn;k tkrk gS rkfd og jk"Vªh; usrk osQ fy, ;Fks"V leFkZu tqVk
losQ] vkSj mlosQ d`ikik=kksa esa in&iqjLdkj osQ forj.k dk lkèku cu losQA ykbcsfj;k esa jk"Vªifr nksb us viuh fLFkfr
dks lqn`<+ djus osQ fy, ^us'kuy MseksozsQfVd ikVhZ* dk l`tu fd;k] gkykafd og blls viuk mís'; iwjk ugha dj
ik;kA ckaXykns'k esa tujy bj'kkn us ^tkrh; ikVhZ* (People's Party) dk l`tu fd;k rkfd og bldh enn ls lSfud
'kkld (Military Ruler) dk pksyk mrkjdj vlSfud 'kkld (Civilian Ruler) dk pksyk igu losQA tSjs esa
jk"Vªifr ekscwrw us viuk fufoZokn usr`Ro LFkkfir djus osQ è;s; ls çR;sd ukxfjd dks viuh ikVhZ ^fjoksY;w'ku ikWiqyj
ewoesaV* dk lnL; cuk fy;kA
vusd fodkl'khy ns'kks esa Lokèkhurk ls igys jk"Vªoknh vkanksyuksa us ,sls çHkko'kkyh nyksa dks tUe fn;k tks Lokèkhurk
osQ ckn Hkh cus jgsA ijarq ,sls ny nsj&losj detksj iM+ x,] D;ksafd os yksxksa dh ubZ&ubZ vk'kkvksa dh iwfrZ ugha
dj ik,A ?kkuk esa Dokesa uØwek osQ iru osQ lkFk mldh ^dUosa'ku ihiYl ikVhZ* Hkh yqIr gks xbZA
dbZ ns'kksa esa jk"Vªoknh vkanksyu osQ nkSjku tks çHkko'kkyh ny mHkjdj lkeus vk, Fks] os Lokèkhurk osQ ckn blfy,
detksj iM+ x, D;ksafd os iqjkuh çfrHkkvksa osQ tksM+ dh ubZ çfrHkk,a ugha <wa<+ ik,A Hkkjr esa dqN gn rd ^bafM;u
us'kuy dk¡xzsl* dk ;gh gky gqvk gSA

dqN ns'kksa esa ;g lkspk tkrk gS fd ns'k osQ vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ fy, ,d gh ny dk vfLrRo lcls mi;qDr
gksxkA rat+kfu;k osQ jk"Vªifr U;sjsjs us ,sls ,d gh ny dk leFkZu fd;k] ijarq vc ogka vusd ny vfLrRo
esa vk pqosQ gSaA
dbZ ns'kksa esa ,dny&çèkku ç.kkyh (One -party Dominant System) osQ foy; osQ ckn cgqnyh; ç.kkyh
(Multiparty System) dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk gS] tSlk fd Hkkjr esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA bu ns'kksa dh ljdkjsa ,sls
lqfoèkktud xBcaBu (Convenent Coalitions) fl¼ gqbZ gSa ftudk è;s; lÙkk dks gfFk;kuk Fkkμ fdlh rjg dh
fopkjèkkjkRed ,drk (Ideological Solidarity) dk ifjp; nsuk ugha FkkA
bDdhloha 'krkCnh osQ vkjaHk esa vusd ysfVu vejhdh ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd nyksa dh çfrLièkkZ lÙkk:<+ fof'k"V oxks±
(Ruling Elites) osQ Hkhrj mnkjoknh vkSj vuqnkjoknh xqVksa (Liberal And Conservative Factions) dh ijLij
çfrLièkkZ dk laosQr nsrh Fkh_ loZlkèkkj.k (Masses) dks bl çfrLièkkZ ls ckgj j[kk x;k FkkA osustq,yk ,dμek=k
,slk ns'k gS tgka 1950 osQ n'kd osQ ckn lgh vFkZ esa nyh; çfrLièkkZ dk okrkoj.k jgk D;ksafd ogka dh 'kklu&ç.kkyh
vkSj vFkZ&O;oLFkk rsy dh vk; osQ lgkjs fVdh jgh gSA
eSfDldksa esa lÙkk:<+ ny (baLVhV~;w'kuy fjoksY;w'kujh ikVhZ) yksd&er dks vius o'k esa j[kus osQ fy, lekpkj&i=kksa
rFkk tulaidZ osQ vU; lkèkuksa ij çfrcaèk yxkrk jgk gSA tc blls dke ugha pyrk] rc og lhèks gh eri=kksa
esa èkkaèkyh (Ballot Rigging) ij mrj vkrk gSA

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