Page 343 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV z Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud lsok (Indian Administrative Service) dk <kapk Hkh mifuos'koknh nkSj dh nsu jgk gSA
;g lsok ^bafM;u flfoy lfoZl* (Indian civil Service: ICS) dh mÙkjkfèkdkjh gS ftls fczfV'k jkt esa LFkkfir
fd;k x;k FkkA mu fnuksa bls ^iQkSyknh <kaPkk* (Steel Frame) dgk tkrk FkkA vr% ^Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud lsok*
vkt Hkh i;kZIr lqn`<+ gS] vkSj blus dbZ ckj ^laj{kd vfèkdkjhra=k* dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSaA
z ;g fopkj fd rhljh nqfu;k (Third World) osQ ns'kksa esa vfèkdkjhra=k (Bureaucracy) osQ lnL; blosQ varxZr
vius&vius {ks=k (Region) tkfr (Caste)] tutkfr (Tribe)] Hkk"kk (Language) ;k èkeZ (Religion) osQ
yksxksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA vr% bu lewgksa osQ yksx vius bu rFkkdfFkr çfrfufèk;ksa ls ;g vk'kk djrs
gSa fd os mudh leL;kvksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsaxs vkSj mudh lgk;rk djsaxsA

z rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa yksdra=k dks cgqr ljkgk tkrk gSA ijarq ogka mnkj yksdra=k (Liberal Democracy)
dh laLFkk,a foLr`r :i ls fodflr ugha gks ikbZ gSaA osQoy Hkkjr esa Lokèkhurk osQ ckn yxkrkj fu;fer :i
ls pquko gksrs jgs gSaA vU; ns'kksa esa ;s laLFkk,a FkksM+s&FkksM+s le; rd gh çpfyr jg ikbZ gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,
ikfdLrku esa 1984 osQ pquko tujy ft;k&my&gd osQ vfèkuk;ra=k dh iqf"V osQ fy, djk, x,] vkSj 2002
esa jk"Vªifr in osQ fy, tujy ijost eq'kjZiQ dh oSèkrk LFkkfir djus osQ fy, pquko djk, x,A
z eSfDldksa esa lkèkkj.kr% ,d gh ny osQ 'kklu dks dk;e j[kus osQ fy, pquko djk, x, gSa] vkSj buesa ckj&ckj
fj'or (Bribery) vkSj cy&ç;ksx (Coercion) dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA
z bu lc =kqfV;ksa osQ ckotwn rhljh nqfu;k esa pquko oasQæh; ljdkj vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ chp laidZ dh dM+h
dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA

14-4 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

ykyiQhrk'kkgh % ykyiQhrs ls caèkh iQkbyksa dks èkhjs&èkhjs vkxs ljdkus dh ço`fÙkA
rVLFk % xqVckth ls vyx jgukA

14-5 vH;kl&ç'u (Review Questions)

1- Hkw&e.Myhdj.k vkSj rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ var%lEcaèkksa ij çdk'k Mkfy,A
2- fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy lektksa esa Hkw&e.Myhdj.k dh vuqfØ;k dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
3- fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd lkoZHkkSfedj.k ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

mÙkj %& Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self-Assessment)
(1) jk"Vª fuekZ.k vkSj jkT; fuekZ.k (2) caèkqRo (3) ijaijkxr Hkkouk,¡
(4) pquko (5) vkfFkZd lao`f¼

14-6 lanHkZ iqLrosQa (Further Readings)

iqLrosaQ 1- rqyukRed 'kklu ,oa jktuhfrμMkW- chjosQ'oj izlkn flag] Kkunk izdk'ku (ih- ,.M Mh-) 24]
nfj;kxat] valkjh jksM] fnYyhA
2. rqyukRed jktuhfrμts-lh- tkSgjh] LVfy±x ifCy'ktZ izk-fy-] fnYyhA
3- rqyukRed jktuhfr ,oa jktuhfrd laLFkk,¡μlh-ch- xsuk] fodkl ifCyf'kax gkml izk-fy- valkjh
jksM] fnYyhA
4- rqyukRed jktuhfr dh :ijs[kkμ vkse izdk'k xkck] e;wj isij cSDl] uks,MkA

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