Page 342 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ14% Hkw&e.Myhdj.k

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self-Assessment) uksV
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, (Fill in the Blanks)—

1- fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jkT; dh fLFkfr dks lqn`<+ djus osQ fy, bu ns'kksa esa ---------------------------- dk
lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA
2- rhljh nqfu;k esa ------------------ osQ vkèkkj ij yksxksa osQ eu esa dqN fof'k"V èkkj.kk,¡ ?kj dj pqdh
gksrh gSa tks vkèkqfud laLFkkvksa osQ dke esa ckèkk mRiUu djrh gSA
3- fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa dbZ ckj ------------------------------ vkfFkZd fodkl esa lgk;d Hkh fl¼ gksrh gSaA

4- rhljh nqfu;k esa ------------------------- osQUæh; ljdkj vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu osQ chp laidZ dh dM+h
dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
5- rhljh nqfu;k osQ dqN lkE;oknh ns'kksa us tuxfr'khyu osQ ekè;e ls ------------------- çkIr djus dk
ç;Ru fd;kA

14-3 lkjka'k (Summary)

z lwpuk vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh esa baVjusV vkSj oYMZ okbM osc tSls vHkwriwoZ fodkl HkweaMyhdj.k osQ egÙoiw.kZ
i{k vkSj fuèkkZjd rÙo gSA blosQ dkj.k mRiknu] laxzg.k vkSj vk¡dM+s dk fo'ys"k.k vklku gks x;k gS vkSj
bls iwjh nqfu;k esa rsth ls iQSyk;k tk ldrk gSA
z Lokèkhurk osQ ckn bu ns'kksa esa vkèkqfudhdj.k (Modernization) dh tks çfØ;k 'kq: gqbZ] mlus ijaijkxr
thou&'kSyh dh txg vkS|ksxhdj.k (Industrialization)] 'kgjhdj.k (Urbanization)] eqæk&fofue;
(Montetary Exchanges)] vkSipkfjd f'k{kk (Formal Education) vkSj tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa (Mass Media)
osQ foLr`r ç;ksx dks c<+kok fn;kA tc yksxksa dh vfHk#fp;ksa vkSj fgrksa esa fofoèkrk iSnk gksrh gS rks lekt esa
rjg&rjg osQ laxBuμtSls fd fdlku la?k (Peasant Unions)] etnwj la?k (Trade Unions)] okf.kT;eaMy
(chambers of Commerce) vkSj O;kolkf;d lkgp;Z (Professional Associations) mHkjdj lkeus vkrs gSaA
z dHkh&dHkh fgr lewg brus 'kfDr'kkyh gks tkrs gSa fd ljdkj Hkh mUgsa :"V djus dk tksf[ke ugha mBk ldrh]
vU;Fkk ljdkj Lo;a vfLFkj gks tkrh gSA bZjku osQ 'kkg dk iyk;u (1979)] nf{k.k dksfj;k esa jk"Vªifr ikdZ
dh gR;k (1979)] vkSj feÏ esa jk"Vªifr lknkr dh gR;k (1981) ,slh fLFkfr;ksa osQ mnkgj.k çLrqr djrs gSaA

z 1980 vkSj 1990 osQ n'kdksa ls igys rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa nyh; ç.kkfy;ka (Party Systems) lkèkkj.kr%
cgqr detksj jgh gSaA ns[kk tk, rks lÅnh vjc] drj] tkWMZu] cgjhu] dqoSr] vkSj HkwVku tSls jktra=kh; ns'kksa
esa rks dksbZ nyh; ç.kkyh jgh gh ugha] vkSj ogka dh jktuhfr ij 'kkld ifjokjksa (Ruling Families) dk
çHkqRo jgk gSA tgka&tgka lSfud 'kklu (Military Rule) LFkkfir gksrk gS] ogka çpfyr jktuhfrd nyksa ij
dkuwuh çfrcaèk yxk fn;k tkrk gSμtSlk fd ikfdLrku esa dbZ ckj gqvkA ijarq tc ogka vlSfud 'kklu
(Civilian Rule) dh ekax tksj idM+us yxrh gS] rc jktuhfrd ny fiQj ls mHkjdj lkeus vk tkrs gSaA
z vusd fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Lokèkhurk ls igys jk"Vªoknh vkanksyuksa us ,sls çHkko'kkyh nyksa dks tUe fn;k tks
Lokèkhurk osQ ckn Hkh cus jgsA ijarq ,sls ny nsj&losj detksj iM+ x,] D;ksafd os yksxksa dh ubZ&ubZ vk'kkvksa
dh iwfrZ ugha dj ik,A ?kkuk esa Dokesa uØwek osQ iru osQ lkFk mldh ^dkWUosa'ku ihiYl ikVhZ* Hkh yqIr gks xbZA
z dbZ ns'kksa esa ,dny&çèkku ç.kkyh (One -party Dominant System) osQ foy; osQ ckn cgqnyh; ç.kkyh
(Multiparty System) dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk gS] tSlk fd Hkkjr esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
z tulaidZ osQ lkèku&lekpkj&i=k] if=kdk,a] jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] bR;kfn vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ egÙoiw.kZ midj.k
gSaA rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa ;s lkèku Hkh cgqr fodflr ugha gSaA lekpkj&i=k lkèkkj.kr% fof'k"V oxks± osQ miHkksx
dh oLrq gSa] vkSj budk forj.k vfèkdka'kr% 'kgjksa rd lhfer gSA

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