Page 339 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa dh Hkwfedk (Role of the Mass Media): tulaidZ osQ lkèku&lekpkj&i=k] if=kdk,a]
jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] bR;kfn vkèkqfudhdj.k osQ egÙoiw.kZ midj.k gSaA rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa ;s lkèku Hkh cgqr
fodflr ugha gSaA lekpkj&i=k lkèkkj.kr% fof'k"Voxks± osQ miHkksx dh oLrq gSa] vkSj budk forj.k vfèkdka'kr% 'kgjksa
rd lhfer gSA buosQ laikndksa dks lkèkkj.kr% dBksj vfHkospu (Strict Censorship) dk lkeuk rks ugha djuk iM+rk]
ijarq fiQj Hkh os loZFkk fuMj ugha jg ikrsA ;fn çHkko'kkyh oxZ muls #"V gks tk,a rks mUgsa vius in ls gVk;k tk
ldrk gSA 1970 osQ n'kd esa vts±Vhuk vkSj fpyh esa vusd i=kdkjksa dks ;a=k.kk nh xbZ] dkjkokl fn;k x;k] ;k mudh
thou&yhyk gh lekIr dj nh xbZA
fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ lekpkj&i=kksa esa eq[;r% 'kgjksa osQ gh lekpkj Nkis tkrs gSa_ xk¡oksa dh n'kk ij fo'ks"k è;ku
ugha fn;k tkrkA rat+kfu;k esa 1980 osQ n'kd esa xk¡o&xk¡o esa eysfj;k iQSy x;k Fkk] ijarq ogka osQ lekpkj&i=kksa us
bl ?kVuk dks lekpkj dk fo"k; cukus ;ksX; ugha le>kA dqN Hkh gks] Hkkjr esa xk¡oksa dh bruh mis{kk ugha dh tkrhA
;gka xk¡oksa esa gksus okyh ?kVukvksaμfo'ks"kr% nq?kZVukvksa vkSj çkd`frd vkinkvksa osQ lekpkjksa dks tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa
esa ;Fks"V LFkku fn;k tkrk gS] vkSj lkekftd vU;k; dh ?kVukvksa dks rks [kkst&[kkst dj vkSj [kksn&[kksn dj çdk'k
esa yk;k tkrk gSA
vÚ+hdk egk}hi esa 1600 Hkk"kk,a vkSj cksfy;ka çpfyr gSaA buesa T;knkrj cksfy;ka gh gSa tks cksyh tkrh gSa] fy[kdj
ugha Hksth tkrhA vr% nwj&njkt osQ {ks=kksa esa ogka jsfM;ks ls lekpkj igq¡pkuk lqfoèkktud jgrk gSA lkèkkj.kr% lkjh
lwpuk cM+s&cM+s 'kgjksa ls xk¡oksa dh vksj çokfgr gksrh gS_ xk¡oksa ls 'kgjksa dh vksj dksbZ lwpuk çokfgr ugha gksrhA
vc fodkl'khy ns'kks esa Vsyhfotu dk fjokt Hkh c<+ pyk gSA blls xk¡o osQ yksxksa dks 'kgjh thou dh rM+d&HkM+d
osQ n`'; ns[kus dks feyrs gSa ftlls muosQ eu esa Hkh jgu&lgu osQ Åaps Lrj dh vkdka{kk tkx tkrh gSA vr% os
ljdkj osQ ikl fuR; ubZ ekaxsa Hkstus yxrs gSaA blls ljdkj dk dke T;knk eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA
ysfVu vejhdk vkSj vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Vsyhfot+u ij 'kq:&'kq: esa ,sls yksdfç; dk;ZØe fn[kk, tkus yxs
tks vejhdk esa rS;kj fd, tkrs FksA vc osQcy Vsyhfot+u osQ foLrkj osQ dkj.k vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi osQ mUur ns'kksa
osQ dk;ZØe vkSj lekpkj lhèks gh rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa osQ Vsyhfotu ij ns[ks tkrs gSaA blls lwpuk osQ HkweaMyhdj.k
(Globalization of Information) dks c<+kok feyk gSA lkFk gh foKkiu (Advertising) dk O;olk; Hkh mUur gks
x;k gSA miHkksDrk&oLrqvksa dh ekax c<+h gS_ euksjatu osQ ,d&tSls <ax vkSj ,d&tSlh thou&'kSyh dk foLrkj gqvk
gSA bl ço`fÙk us dqN gn rd if'pe osQ lkaLd`frd lkezkT;okn (Cultural Imperialism) dks Hkh c<+kok fn;k gSA
lkaLd`frd lkezkT;okn (Cultural Imperialism): og fLFkfr ftlesa dksbZ 'kfDr'kkyh jk"Vª lkaLd`frd midj.kksa
(tSls fd fopkjksa] thou&'kSyh] lkfgR;] dykd`fr;ksa vkSj nwjn'kZu&dk;ZØeksa) dh lgk;rk ls nwljs ns'kksa osQ yksxksa
osQ eu ij vius lkaLd`frd opZLo dh Nki NksM+rk gSA ;g nwljs ns'kksa ij çHkqRo (Domination) LFkkfir djus dk
,slk xw<+ rjhdk gS ftlesa lSfud] vkfFkZd ;k jktuhfrd 'kfDr dk ç;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA
lwpuk osQ çlkj osQ lkFk&lkFk bu lkèkuksa osQ ekè;e ls lkekftd thou dh tfVy leL;kvksa dks tulkèkkj.k osQ
è;ku esa yk;k tk jgk gS ftlls mlesa ubZ rjg dh ltxrk (Awareness) vk xbZ gSA vr% os jktuhfr esa vfèkd
lfØ; gks x, gSa_ vkSj ljdkj ij T;knk ncko Mkyus yxs gSaA mudh ubZ&ubZ ekaxksa dks iwjk djus esa ljdkj dks
vius lhfer lalkèkuksa osQ dkj.k cgqr eqf'dy dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA vr% ;g t:jh gks tkrk gS fd fodkl
osQ dk;ZØeksa esa yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk (Participation) c<+kbZ tk,A ,sls gky esa ljdkj tu&f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus
osQ fy, tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa dk foLr`r ç;ksx djrh gSA bl rjg ifjokj&fu;kstu] LoPNrk] lk{kjrk] jksxksa dh
jksdFkke vkSj lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa osQ mUewyu ls tqM+s gq, lans'k tu&tu rd igq¡pk, tkrs gSaA Hkkjr dk iYl iksfy;ks
vfHk;ku ,slh xfrfofèk;ksa dk Toyar mnkgj.k gSA
vfèkdkjhra=k dh vfHko`fÙk (Attitude of Bureaucracy): laj{kd vfèkdkjhra=k (Guardian Bureaucray) ,slk
vfèkdkjhra=k (Bureaucracy) tks vius&vkidks jkT; dh fLFkjrk (Stability) vkSj v[kaMrk (Integrity) osQ eq[;

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