Page 336 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ14% Hkw&e.Myhdj.k

rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'k lkèkkj.kr% fo'kky vkdkj osQ gSa] vkSj muesa fofoèk laLd`fr;ksa] Hkk"kkvksa] èkeks±] tkfr;ksa] bR;kfn uksV
ls tqM+s gq, yksx jgrs gSaA bu ns'kksa esa jkT; dh fLFkfr cgqr lqn`<+ ugha gSA vr% og lekt ij cgqr xgjk çHkko
Mkyus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSA jkT; dh fLFkfr dks lqn`<+ djus osQ fy, bu ns'kksa esa jk"VªμfuekZ.k (Nation-Building)
dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA jk"Vª&fuekZ.k osQ ekè;e ls iwjs jk"Vª osQ yksxksa osQ fy, fu"Bk (Loyalty) dk ,d gh osQaæ
fodflr djus dk ç;Ru fd;k tkrk gS rkfd os viuh fu"Bk dks vius&vius ladh.kZ lewgksa rd lfefr u jgus
nsa cfYd laiw.kZ jk"Vª dks viuh fu"Bk dk osQaæ cuk ysaA fiQj jkT;&fuekZ.k osQ ekè;e ls 'kfDr dk ,slk osQaæ fodflr
djus dk ç;Ru fd;k tkrk gS tks laiw.kZ jkT; esa 'kkafr vkSj O;oLFkk dk;e dj losQ] vksj jkT; dh lqj{kkRed
,oa dY;k.kdkjh lsokvksa dks ns'k osQ dksus&dksus rd igq¡pk losQA fo?kVudkjh 'kfDr;ksa] HkkSxksfyd nwfj;ksa] ifjogu
vkSj lapkj osQ vi;kZIr lkèkuksa osQ dkj.k rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'kksa esa ;g dke çk;% cgqr eqf'dy ls gksrk gSA
bu ns'kksa esa çkFkfed f'k{kk (Primary Education) osQ dk;ZØe bl <ax ls cuk, tkrs gSa fd yksx vius latkrh;
lewg (Ethnic Group) ls vkxs c<+dj laiw.kZ jk"Vª osQ çfr fu"Bk ls çsfjr gksaA tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa (Mass Media)
dh lgk;rk ls yksxksa dks Lokèkhurk laxzke dh ohj xkFkkvksa dh ;kn fnykbZ tkrh gS rkfd muosQ eu esa ,drk dh
Hkkouk dk lapkj gksA ijarq mÙkj&vkSifuosf'kd jkT; (Post-Colonial State) esa yksxksa dh ubZ ekaxksa (Demands)

vkSj vk'kkvksa (Expectations) osQ dkj.k tks u, }a} (Conflicts) iSnk gks x, gSa] mUgsa 'kkar djus osQ fy, iqjkuh
;knksa dk lgkjk i;kZIr fl¼ ugha gksrkA
mÙkjμvkSifuos'kd jkT; (Post-Colonial State) %& ,slk jkT; tks mifuos'kokn (Colonialism) osQ f'koaQts ls
u;k&u;k eqDr gqvk gksA lkèkkj.kr% rhljh nqfu;k (Third world) osQ ns'kksa ;k fodkl'khy ns'kksa (Developing
Nations) dks bl Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gSA
dbZ fl¼kardkj ;g ekurs gSa fd mÙkj&vkSifuosf'kd jkT; esa fons'kh fgrksa (Foreign Interests) dk çHkqRo lekIr
gks tkrk gS] vr% mls tulkèkkj.k dh vk'kkvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ dk lkèku cuk;k tk ldrk gSA ijarq ;FkkFkZ
vuqHko ls bl ckr dh iqf"V ugha gksrhA ,sls jkT; dk lSU; laxBu (Military Organization) vkSj vfèkdkjhra=k
(Bureaucracy) mifuos'koknh ijaijk osQ lkaps esa <+ys gksrs gSa tks tulkèkkj.k osQ neu esa vH;Lr gksrs gSaA muosQ eu
esa tulkèkkj.k osQ çfr lsok ;k lgkuqHkwfr dh Hkkouk jkrksa&jkr iSnk ugha dh tk ldrhA oSls ;s nksuksa xqV jktuhfrd
usr`Ro (Political Leadership) osQ lsod osQ :i esa dk;Z djrs gSa] ijarq mÙkj&vkSifuosf'kd jkT; esa lkèkkj.kr%
jktuhfrd usr`Ro dk pfj=k Hkh cgqr Åapk ugha jg tkrkA tks jktuhfrK Lokèkhurk&vkanksyu osQ nkSjku daèks&ls&daèkk
feykdj fons'kh rkdr ls yM+s Fks] vc os vkSj muosQ mÙkjkfèkdkjh lÙkk dh çfrLièkkZ esa u, iawthifr oxZ dh lgk;rk
ij vkfJr gks tkrs gSa] ;gka rd fd dqN jktuhfrK vijkèk&yksd (Underworld) ls lgk;rk ysus esa Hkh ladksp
ugha djrsA u;k iwathifr oxZ vius&vki esa i;kZIr 'kfDr'kkyh ugha gksrk] ijarq lSfud vkSj vfèkdkjhra=kh; xqVra=kksa
(Oligrachies) osQ lkFk lk¡B&xk¡B djosQ og viuh 'kfDr dks lqn`<+ dj ysrk gSA ,slh gkyr esa cgqr lkjs jktuhfrK
turk dks >wBs vk'oklu nsdj] muosQ fy, NksVh&NksVh fj;k;rsa çkIr djosQ ;k mudh èkkfeZd] lkaçnkf;d rFkk
latkrh; (Ethnic) Hkkoukvksa dks mÙksftr djosQ muosQ oksV cVksjus dk tqxkM+ djrs gSaA blosQ vykok] fons'kh 'kfDr;ka
Hkh ,sls ns'k esa vius uo&mifuos'kokn (Neo-Colonialism) dk tky iQSykdj mldk 'kks"k.k djrh gSaA dqy
feykdj] mÙkj&vkSifuosf'kd jkT; esa tulkèkkj.k dh Lora=krk osQ fy, u, [krjs vkSj ubZ leL;k,a iSnk gks tkrh
gSaA bUgsa lqy>k, cxSj mldh Lokèkhurk (Independecy) dks lkFkZd ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

bu ns'kksa esa tkfr (Caste)] tutkfr (Tribe) vkSj èkeZ (Religion) bR;kfn osQ vkèkkj ij ijaijkxr usr`Ro dks tks
ekU;rk nh tkrh gS] mls ns[krs gq, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij LFkkuh; usr`Ro osQ lkFk le>kSrk t:jh gks tkrk gSA cgqlkaLd`frd
lekt (Multicultural Society) esa bl rjg dk le>kSrk dHkh&dHkh jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ljdkj pykus esa lgk;d
fl¼ gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij tks feyh&tqyh ljdkjsa (Coalition Governments) pykbZ xbZ gSa] os bl
çcaèk dk mi;qDr mnkgj.k çLrqr djrh gSaA ukbthfj;k esa Hkh jk"Vªh; usrkvksa us LFkkuh; vehjksaμvFkkZr~ LFkkuh;
èkkfeZd 'kkldksa osQ lkFk le>kSrk djosQ ljdkj pykus esa cgqr lkjh vM+puksa dks nwj dj fn;k gSA

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