Page 340 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ14% Hkw&e.Myhdj.k

laj{kd osQ :i esa ns[krk gSA pquko dh jktuhfr (electoral Politics) osQ dkj.k tc ckj&ckj ljdkjsa cnyrh gSa] uksV
;gka rd fd dbZ ckj fLFkj ljdkj cuus esa vM+pu vk tkrh gS] rc lja{kd vfèkdkjhra=k 'kklu dk lkjk mÙkjnkf;Ro
Lo;a laHkky ysrk gS] vkSj ,sls lc dk;Z djus yxrk gS tks fuokZfpr ljdkj dks djus pkfg,A jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky
osQ le; tc dgha ljdkj èkjk'kk;h gks tkrh gS] ogka laj{kd vfèkdkjhra=k vjktdrk (Anarchy) ugha iQSyus nsrk
cfYd ubZ ljdkj LFkkfir gksus rd ljdkj osQ lkjs dke&dkt pyrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr cgqèkk rhljh nqfu;k (Third
world) osQ ns'kks esa ikbZ tkrh gSA rhljh nqfu;k osQ ns'k oSls rks ijaijkxr lekt gSa] ijarq mifuos'koknh nkSj esa ,sls
cgqr lkjs ns'kksa osQ 'kkldksa us ogka vkèkqfud vfèkdkjhra=kh; lajpuk,a (Modern Bureaucratic Sturtures) LFkkfir
dj nh FkhA vr% bu ns'kksa dks Lokèkhurk osQ le; tks ç'kklfud O;oLFkk fojklr esa feyh] og buosQ fy, cgqr
mi;ksxh fl¼ gqbZA ;gka rd fd jktuhfrd vfLFkjrk (Political Instability) osQ nkSj esa ;s vfèkdkjhra=k 'kklu dk
lkjk dke laHkky ysrs gSaA ,sls vfèkdkjhra=k dks laj{kd vfèkdkjhra=k (Guardian Bureaucracy) dgk tkrk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy, ikfdLrku esa dbZ ckj jktuhfrd mFky&iqFky osQ nkSj esa ogka dk vfèkdkjhra=k ljdkj dk lkjk
dke laHkkyrk jgk gSA

Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud lsok (Indian Administrative Service) dk <kapk Hkh mifuos'koknh nkSj dh nsu jgk gSA ;g
lsok ^bafM;u flfoy lfoZl* (Indian civil Service: ICS) dh mÙkjkfèkdkjh gS ftls fczfV'k jkt esa LFkkfir fd;k
x;k FkkA mu fnuksa bls ^iQkSyknh <kaPkk* (Steel Frame) dgk tkrk FkkA vr% ^Hkkjrh; ç'kklfud lsok* vkt Hkh i;kZIr
lqn`<+ gS] vkSj blus dbZ ckj ^laj{kd vfèkdkjhra=k* dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ;gka vfèkdkjhra=k lkèkkj.kr% jktuhfrd
n`f"V ls rVLFk (Neutral) jgk gSA vr% ckj&ckj osQ jktuhfrd ifjorZuksa osQ ckotwn blus viuh ;g igpku dk;e
j[kh gS] vkSj ubZ lkekftd uhfr;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djus esa cjkcj dk;Z&dq'kyrk dk ifjp; fn;k gSA

dksfj;k esa 1910 ls 1945 rd ogka osQ tkikuh 'kkldksa us jktuhfrd vkSj ç'kklfud ç.kkyh dk laiw.kZ fu;a=k.k vius
gkFk esa j[kk Fkk] vkSj mlesa dksfj;k osQ ewy fuokfl;ksa dh Hkwfedk dks ux.; cuk fn;k FkkA nwljs fo'o ;q¼
(1939&45) esa tc tkikfu;ksa dh ijkt; gqbZ] vkSj os dksfj;k ls fonk gks x, rks ogka osQ jktuhfrd vkSj ç'kklfud
thou esa 'kwU; iSnk gks x;kA
bèkj dqN ekeyksa esa rhljh nqfu;k dk vfèkdkjhra=k vkèkqfud ekudksa (Modern Norms) osQ vuq:i ugha <y ik;kA
bu ns'kksa osQ ijaijkxr lekt caèkqRo (Kinship) osQ caèkuksa ls c¡èks FksA ;s caèku vfèkdkjhra=k ij Hkh gkoh jgsA vÚhdk
esa jktuhfrKksa] ç'kklfud vfèkdkfj;ksa rFkk lSfud vfèkdkfj;ksa ls ;g vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os viuh lÙkk
(Authority) dk ç;ksx djrs le; vius ifjokjksa dks iQk;nk igq¡pk,axsA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd ogka osQ
lekt esa HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn vkSj ç'kklfud Hkz"Vkpkj dk cksyckyk gSA ukbthfj;k esa çR;sd jkT;&Økafr (Coup) osQ
ckn cgqr cM+s iSekus ij iqjkus vfèkdkfj;ksa dks gVk;k x;k gSA phu osQ ç'kklu&ra=k esa Hkh blh rjg dk foLr`r
Hkz"Vkpkj iQSyk gqvk gSA
bruk gh ugha] rhljh nqfu;k esa ç'kklfud vfèkdkfj;ksa dks vius&vius {ks=k (Region)] tkfr (Caste) vkSj tutkfr
(Tribe) dk LokHkkfod çfrfufèk ekuk tkrk gSA vr% os ;g vuqHko djrs gSa fd vius&vius lewg dks lgk;rk
vkSj ykHk igq¡pkuk mudk nkf;Ro (Obligation) gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k us ^çfrfufèk vfèkdkjhra=k* (Representative
Bureaucracy) osQ fopkj dks c<+kok fn;k gSA
çfrfufèk vfèkdkjhra=k (Representative): ;g fopkj fd rhljh nqfu;k (Third World) osQ ns'kksa esa vfèkdkjhra=k
(Bureaucracy) osQ lnL; blosQ varxZr vius&vius {ks=k (Region) tkfr (Caste)] tutkfr (Tribe)] Hkk"kk
(Language) ;k èkeZ (Religion) osQ yksxksa dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA vr% bu lewgksa osQ yksx vius bu rFkkdfFkr
çfrfufèk;ksa ls ;g vk'kk djrs gSa fd os mudh leL;kvksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsaxs vkSj mudh lgk;rk djsaxsA bu vk'kkvksa
dks iwjk djuk ,d rjg ls vfèkdkjhra=k osQ lnL;ksa dk dÙkZO; gks tkrk gSA
ns[kk tk, rks çfrfufèk vfèkdkjhra=k dk fopkj vkSipkfjd n`f"V ls fdlh rjg osQ vfèkdkj ;k dÙkZO; dk l`tu

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