Page 335 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV blosQ vykok n`f"Vdks.k esa ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu vk;k ftlesa ukxfjd lekt vkSj turka=khdj.k osQ ç'u
dks osQUæ esa j[kk x;kA bl çdkj ,d rjiQ tgk¡ cktkj tura=k osQ fodkl osQ fy, if'peh iw¡thokn osQ ledkyhu
fgr ls lacafèkr vè;;u gq, rks nwljh vksj Lok;Ùkrk çkIr djus okys] tutkfr;ksa osQ vkanksyu] nfyr vkanksyu] fuEu
tkfr;ksa osQ vkanksyu] efgykvksa osQ vkanksyu] i;kZoj.k osQ vkanksyu tSls tu vkanksyuksa dks osQUæ esa j[kdj vè;;u
fd, x,A ;s vkanksyu iw¡th osQ fgr vkSj tu vfèkdkjksa osQ chp gksus okyh VDdj osQ ifj.kke FksA ;s vFkZO;oLFkk
HkweaMyh; iw¡th osQ ;qx esa vkus okys mnkjokn vkSj cnyko dk Hkh çfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA bl çdkj rqyukRed
jktuSfrd fo'ys"k.k esa vfLerk] i;kZoj.k] tkrh;rk] fyax] uLy vkfn ljksdkjksa osQ u, vk;ke tqM+sA

lu~ 1980 osQ n'kd esa ^bfrgkl osQ var* osQ fopkj osQ lkFk&lkFk HkweaMyhdj.k dh ubZ ifj?kVuk lkeus
vkbZA HkweaMyhdj.k ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa] oSKkfud çkS|ksfxdh] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk uke
gS tks iwjs fo'o dks bl çdkj ,d lw=k esa ck¡èkrk gS fd fo'o osQ ,d dksus esa gks jgh ?kVuk dk vlj
fo'o osQ nwljs dksus esa iM+rk gSA

(x) lwpuk] laxzg.k vkSj çlkj % lwpuk vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh esa baVjusV vkSj oYMZ okbM osc tSls vHkwriwoZ
fodkl HkweaMyhdj.k osQ egÙoiw.kZ i{k vkSj fuèkkZjd rÙo gSaA blosQ dkj.k mRiknu] laxzg.k vkSj vk¡dM+s dk
fo'ys"k.k vklku gks x;k gS vkSj bls iwjh nqfu;k esa rsth ls iQSyk;k tk ldrk gSA blls u osQoy vk¡dM+ks dh
miyCèkrk lgt gks xbZ cfYd dqN ,sls u, eqís vkSj fo"k; Hkh lkeus vk, tks jk"Vª&jkT; dh ifjfèk dk vfrØe.k
djrs gSaaA bu u, fo"k;ksa osQ dkj.k ledkyhu HkweaMyhd`r nqfu;k osQ jktuSfrd ifjos'k esa Hkh egÙoiw.kZ ifjorZu
vk;kA lkekftd vkanksyu osQ laxBuksa vkSj dk;ZdrkZvksa dk iwjh nqfu;k esa iQSyk lEidZ bldk ç.kke gSA bl çdkj
osQ lEidZ lw=k osQ dkj.k turkaf=kd fopkj Hkh rsth ls iQSysA f'k;kikl osQ nf{k.kh eSfDldu jkT; osQ tkiklfVLvk
vkanksyu esa baVjusV dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj vius vfèkdkjksa] lkekftd U;k; vkSj çtkra=k osQ fy, fd, tkus
okys la?k"kZ ls lcdks ifjfpr djkus osQ fy, HkweaMyh; tulapkj dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA ledkyhu fo"k;ksa esa
ekuokfèkdkjksa osQ laoèkZu vkSj lqj{kk tSls eqís lkeus vk, tks lwpuk osQ laxzg.k vkSj çlkj ij vkèkkfjr FksA

14-2 fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy lektksa dh vuqfØ;k (Responses from Developed
and Developing Societies)

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd çfØ;k dh çd`fr dks le>us osQ fy, buosQ jktuhfr i;kZoj.k (Political
Environment)] jktuhfrd lajpukvksa (Political Structures) vkSj jktuhfrd O;ogkj (Political Behaviour)

dh tkudkjh vko';d gSA bu rÙoksa osQ foLr`r vè;;u osQ fy, budh jktuhfrd laLd`fr] fgr lewgksa] jktuhfrd
nyksa] tulaidZ osQ lkèkuksa] vfèkdkjhra=k] pquko&çfØ;k vkSj jktuhfrd lgHkkfxrk ij è;ku osQafær djuk pkfg,A

jktuhfrd laLd`fr (Political Culture): jktuhfrd laLd`fr dk vFkZ gS] fdlh lekt dh laLd`fr osQ os i{k tks
mldh jktuhfr dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA oSls laLd`fr dh ladYiuk cgqr foLr`r gS ftlosQ varxZr fdlh leqnk; esa
çpfyr ewY;ksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa osQ vykok dyk&foèkk,a (Art Forms)] çrhd&fpÉ] mRlo&iwoZ] iwtk&ikB vkSj
jgu&lgu dk <ax Hkh vk tkrk gS] ijUrq jktuhfrd laLd`fr dk vè;;u djrs le; bUgsa ge ewY;ksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa
dh vfHkO;fDr ekudj mUgha ij viuk è;ku osaQfær djrs gSaA jktuhfrd laLd`fr esa eq[;r% ,sls ewY; (Values)]
ekU;rk,a (Beliefs) vkSj ekud (Norms) vk tkrs gSa tks 'kkld&oxZ] 'kkluμç.kkyh vkSj 'kklu çfØ;k dks oSèkrk
(Legitimacy) çnku djrs gSa] vkSj muosQ lanHkZ esa O;fDr dh fLFkfr dks fuèkkZfjr djrs gSaA

fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh jktuhfrd laLd`fr osQ ckjs esa dksbZ lkekU; èkkj.kk ugha cukbZ tk ldrhA ge osQoy ,slh
eq[;&eq[; ço`fÙk;ksa dh ppkZ dj ldrs gSa ftuls budh jktuhfrd laLd`fr dk lkekU; ifjp; fey ldrk gSA

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