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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj
uksV
2- vkS|ksxhdj.k dh jktuhfr
(d) cqtqvk ;k eèoxhZ; izfreku
Z
4- vksjxsULdh ([k) LVkfyu dk izfreku
(x) leUo;h izfreku
3- jk"Vªh; yksd&dY;k.k dh jktuhfr
(d) tu&yksdrU=k izfreku ;k ekWMy
([k) ukth izfreku
(x) leUo;h izfreku
4- le`f¼ dh jktuhfr
(i) ,dhdj.k (Unification)
(v) jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k (Political unification)
(b) vfrfjDr lekth; foLrkj (Extra societal expansion)
(l) vUr% lekth; fofoèkhdj.k (Intra societal diversification)
(ii) ;U=khdj.k (Mechanization)
(v) vkS|ksfxdhdj.k foLrkj (Industrialization Expansion)
(c) vUrjkZ"Vªh; foLrkj (International expansion)
(l) jk"Vªh; fofoèkhdj.k (National diversification)
(iii) lkekftd laxBu (Socio-organisation)
(v) lkekU;d`r laxBu (Generalized organisation)
(c) vUrjk"Vªh;dj.k (Internationalisation)
(l) iqu% ekuohdj.k (v&ekuohdj.k) (Re-humanization or dehumanization)
tkXokjkbc us lekthdj.k osQ Lrj dk vFkZ djrs gq, crk;k gS fd ;g lekt ij jktuhfrd fu;a=k.k dh LFkkiuk
dk Lrj gSA blosQ rhu mioxZ gksrs gSa tks Øe ls izkIr gksrs gSaA ;U=khdj.k ls izd`fr ij lekth; fu;U=k.k dk vk'k;
gSA blosQ Hkh rhu miLrjksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA lkekftd laxBu ls lekth; Lo&fu;U=k.k dk vFkZ fy;k x;k gS
vkSj blesa Hkh rhu mi&Lrj gksrs gSaA bl izdkj] tkXokjkbc }kjk izfrikfnr jktuhfrd fodkl dk igyk Lrj
vksjxsULdh osQ }kjk izfrikfnr vkfn ,dhdj.k osQ leku gSA bldk nwljk Lrj mlosQ ^^vkS|ksfxdhdj.k osQ Lrj osQ
leku gSA tkXokjkbc osQ }kjk izfrikfnr rhljk Lrj] vksjxsULdh osQ ^jk"Vªh;&yksddY;k.k* vkSj ^le`f¼ dh jktuhfr*
osQ rhljs vkSj pkSFks Lrj osQ leku gSA fdUrq] buosQ mi&Lrjksa dks ysdj nksuksa osQ Lrj foospuksa esa i;kZIr vUrj gS
ftudh ckjhdh esa tkus dh ;gka vko';drk ugha gSA
izdk;kZRed n`f"Vdks.k ls tkXokjkbc us fodkl osQ pkj Lrjksa dks izeq[k ekuk gSA mldk vfHker gS fd vxj ge
bl n`f"Vdks.k dks ysdj jktuhfrd fodkl dh izfØ;k (jktuhfrd ls tkXokjkbc dk vk'k; vfHko`f¼ jktuhfrd
vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj laLFkkdj.k ls gS) dk lektksa osQ fdlh ,sfrgkfld dky esa igys n`f"Vdks.k esa crk, x;s Lrjksa
dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] Lrj fuèkkZj.k djsa rks fuEufyf[kr pkj Lrj izeq[k :i ls Li"V gksaxs& (d) ekWMy&fuekZ.k
(model building), ([k) jkT;&fuekZ.k (state building), (x) jk"Vª&fuekZ.k vkSj (nation-building),
(?k) lkeatL; fuekZ.k (consensus-building)
30 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
