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rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj



                    uksV          ftuesa mPp Lrj dh {kerk gksrh gS vkSj tks dkiQh ek=kk esa lgHkkfxrk dh lekurk ykus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA bl
                                  dkj.k] fjXl lekurk vkSj {kerk dks lokZfèkd egÙo nsrk gSA og bu esa larqyu dks cuk, j[kus dk lq>ko nsrk
                                  gSA ;g larqyu rHkh lEHko gS tc okeiaFkh vkSj nf{k.kiaFkh 'kfDr;ka lekurk dk fodkl djrh gSa tcfd nf{k.kiaFkh
                                  'kfDr;ka O;oLFkk dh {kerk esa o`f¼ djrh gSA

                                  Lo&ewY;kadu  (Self-Assessment)

                                  lgh fodYi pqfu, (Choose the correct option)—
                                  1-     rqyukRed jktuhfr dk çFke fpUrd vkSj ys[kd Fkk %&

                                         (d) eksUVsLD;w  ([k) vjLrw   (x) eSfd;kosyh  (?k) ghxy
                                  2-     ^ikfyfVDl* iqLrd fdldh d`fr gS&

                                         (d) vjLrw     ([k) eSfd;kosyh  (x) ghxy    (?k) eksUVsLD;w
                                  3-     jktuhfrd vè;;u dks lqfuf'pr rF;ksa ij vkèkkfjr djus osQ fy, vjLrw }kjk rRdkyhu fdrus ns'kksa osQ
                                         lafoèkkuksa dk vè;;u fd;k x;k&

                                         (d) 100       ([k) 120       (x) 140       (?k) 158
                                  4-     ¶fçUl¸ iqLrd osQ jpf;rk gSa%&

                                         (d) vjLrw     ([k) ghxy      (x) eSfd;kosyh  (?k) eksUVsLD;w
                                  5-     ^n fLifjV vki n ykt* osQ ys[kd gS%&

                                         (d) eksUVsLD;w  ([k) eSfd;kosyh  (x) vjLrw  (?k) ghxy

                                  1-4 lkjka'k (Summary)


                                  z   rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vFkZ dk foLr`r foospu djus ls igys bldk ^rqyukRed ljdkj* (comparative
                                      government) ls vUrj le> ysuk vko';d gSA lkekU;r%] rqyukRed jktuhfr dks ^rqyukRed 'kklu*
                                      ;k ^rqyukRed ljdkj* dk i;kZ; le> fy;k tkrk gSA nksuksa dk gh lEcUèk ^jktuhfr* ls gksus osQ dkj.k budk
                                      ,d nwljs osQ fy, vny&cny dj ç;ksx djuk dqN LokHkkfod gh gSA

                                  z   thu Cyks.Msy rqyukRed ljdkj dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gSμ¶rqyukRed ljdkj ledkyhu fo'o
                                      esa jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa osQ çfrekuksa dk vè;;u gSA¸
                                  z   rqyukRed ljdkj dh mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd blesa jkT; ls lEcfUèkr vkSipkfjd laLFkkvksa dk

                                      gh eq[;r% rqyukRed vè;;u gksrk gSA
                                  z   rqyukRed jktuhfr dk lEcUèk jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh lEiw.kZrk (totality of political behaviour) osQ
                                      vè;;u ls gSA blesa ljdkjksa o jktdh; laLFkkvksa ,oa jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dk rqyukRed vè;;u rks Lor%
                                      gh lfEefyr jgrk gSA

                                  z   jkYiQ czscUrh us rqyukRed jktuhfr dh O;kid ifjHkk"kk dh gSA bUgksaus fy[kk gSμ¶rqyukRed jktuhfr
                                      lEiw.kZ lkekftd O;oLFkk esa mu rÙoksa dh igpku o O;k[;k gS tks jktuhfrd dk;ks± o muosQ laLFkkxr
                                      çdk'ku dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA¸





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