Page 90 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ4% jktuhfrd laLÑfr

([k) HkkSxksfyd vkèkkj (Geographical foundations)μ ,sfrgkfld fodkl osQ vfrfjDr jktuhfrd uksV
laLÑfr osQ fuekZ.k esa lgk;d nwljk egÙoiw.kZ dkjd Hkwxksy gSA ¶fczVsu }hi gS vkSj bl }hih; vyxko us fczVsu
dks fons'kh vkØe.kksa osQ lqjf{kr j[kk FkkA fodkl'khy la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ vlhe lhekUr osQ fo"k; esa dgk
tkrk gS fd mlus latkrh fHkUurkvksa osQ ckotwn LorUË lerkoknh jktuhfrd ewY;ksa dh jpuk dh] ijUrq mlosQ
ikl çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dh çpqjrk Hkh Fkh vkSj 'kËq iM+ksfl;ksa osQ og lqjf{kr FkkA if'pe teZuh osQ fuokfl;ksa
osQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd os la?kh; x.krUË dh ekStwnk jktuhfrd lajpukvksa dks fy, Lohdkj djrs gSa] D;ksafd
HkkSxksfyd n`f"V osQ os :l rFkk vejhdk }kjk funsZf'kr vUrjkZ"Vªh; xBcUèkuksa osQ eè; fLFkr gSaA os tkurs gSa fd
if'pe teZuh dh jktuhfr esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh vfLFkjrk dk ifj.kke vUrjkZ"Vªh; ruko dh o`f¼ gksxhA¸
Hkkjrh; mi&egk}hi dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr osQ jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ fuekZ.k esa HkkSxksfyd dkjd osQ çHkko dks
vfèkd vPNh rjg le>k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr osQ foHkktu osQ ckn ikfdLrku osQ nks Hkkxksa dh HkkSxksfyd nwjh

budks vUrr% i`Fkd jkT; cukdj jgh] D;ksafd bu nksuksa Hkkxksa dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr bruh fojksèkh cu xbZ Fkh
fd fdlh çdkj dk Hkh ç;Ru ;gk¡ rd fd Hkkjr dk Hk; vkSj èkkfeZd ,drk&lwË Hkh budh jktuhfrd laLÑfr;ksa
dks lkE; dh voLFkk esa ugha yk ldkA usiky dh fo'ks"k HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr us ,slh jktuhfrd laLÑfr cuk nh
fd Hkkjr esa lEidks± o Hkkjr esa yksdrkafËd ço`fÙk;ksa dk dqN {kf.kd çHkko gh jgk gSA jktuhfrd O;oLFkk
laLÑfr osQ nckoksa osQ dkj.k iqu% mlh <jsZ ij py fudyhA vr% fdlh ns'k dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr dk Hkwxksy
Hkh egÙoiw.kZ fu;ked dkjd cu tkrk gSA
(x) lkekftd&vkfFkZd lajpuk dk vkèkkj (The foundation of socio-economic structures)μ
jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh çÑfr esa] tks ,sfrgkfld vkSj HkkSxksfyd dkj.kksa osQ fo'ks"k çdkj dh cu tkrh gS] ifjorZu
ykus ;k mldks mlh :i esa cuk, j[kus osQ fy, lekt fo'ks"k dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd lajpuk gh vfèkd mÙkjnk;h
gksrh gSA eq[; :i osQ 'kgjh vkSj vkS|ksfxd lekt vfèkd lks'kfyLV ;k tfVy lekt gksrk gS tgk¡ rhoz lapkj
lkèkuksa dks c<+kok feyrk gSA ,sosQ lekt esa 'kSf{kd Lrj mPprj gksrs gSa] xqVksa vkSj lewgksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼
gks tkrh gS vkSj fu.kZ;dkjh çfØ;k esa Hkkx ysus okyksa dh la[;k vfuok;Zr% vfèkd O;kid gksrh gSA xzkeh.k lekt
ifjorZu rFkk vfHkuohdj.k osQ çfr mUeq[k ugha gksrs vkSj ftu jkT;ksa dh tula[;k dk vfèkdka'k fdlku oxZ
gksrk gS] os vfèkd vuqnkj gksrs gSa] rFkk bu y{k.kksa okys lekt dk yksxksa dh jktuhfrd vfHko`fÙk;ksa rFkk ewY;ksa
ij xgjk çHkko iM+rk gSA fdlh çns'k fo'ks"k osQ foijhr lEiw.kZ jk"Vª osQ çfr fu"Bk vkS|ksfxd lekt dk y{k.k
gS ;|fi ,slk ges'kk ugha gksrk gS fiQj Hkh ;g lkekU;r;k ns[kus esa vkrk gS fdUrq lkèkkj.kr;k ftu lektksa
esa tula[;k dk vfèkdka'k Hkkx Ñf"k djrk gS] ogk¡ yksxksa dh vuqnkj vfHko`fÙk;ksa osQ lkFk ljdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa
osQ çfr eueqVko rFkk mlosQ {ksË osQ ckjs esa vKku tqM+ tkrs gSaA ,sosQ lektksa esa osQUæh; ç'kklu tks dqN djrk
gS mlh dk egÙo gksrk gS vkSj 'kklu dh uhfr;k¡ dSosQ cnyh ;k çHkkoha dh tkrh gSa] mlosQ ckjs esa de tkudkjh
gksrh gSA

jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ fuekZ.k esa vkfFkZd lajpuk osQ Hkh vfèkd egÙo lkekftd lajpuk dk gksrk gSA lekt
esa cgqyrk vkSj fofoèkrk okys oxks± dk gksuk jktuhfrd laLÑfr esa vusd mi&laLÑfr;k¡ LFkkfir dj nsrk gS]
ftuesa le:irk ;k fo"kerk osQ y{k.k lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd laLÑfr ij fu.kZ;dkjh <ax osQ çHkko Mkyrs gSaA vxj
lekt Hkk"kk] èkeZ] tkrh;rk] latkrh;rk vkSj vrhr osQ i`Fkd&i`Fkd vuqHkoksa osQ dkj.k i`Fkdrk dh ço`fÙk;k¡
j[krk gS rks jktuhfrd laLÑfr ij bu y{k.kksa osQ ncko iM+s fcuk ugha jg ldrs gSaaA 1947 osQ igys Hkkjr nks
çdkj dk FkkA ,d fczfV'k Hkkjr vkSj nwljk Hkkjrh; Hkkjr (tgk¡ jktk egkjktkvksa dk 'kklu Fkk) FkkA LorUËrk
osQ ckn 1956 osQ jkT;ksa osQ iquxZBu osQ ckotwn vHkh dqN ns'kh fj;klrksa okys çns'kksa esa ,slh mi&laLÑfr;ksa dks
lekIr djuk lEHko ugha gqvk gSA blosQ vykok Hkh Hkkjr esa vusd mi&laLÑfr;ksa dks lekIr djuk lEHko

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