Page 94 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ4% jktuhfrd laLÑfr

le; esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA ifjokj] f'k{k.k laLFkk,¡] Lo;aosQod lewg] tu lEidZ ekè;e] ljdkj vkSj uksV
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ gksus okys lEidZ bR;kfn osQ }kjk O;fDr dk jktuhfrd lekthdj.k gksrk gS tks jktuhfrd
laLÑfr osQ fodkl esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
jktuhfrd laLÑfr mikxe dh rqyukRed jktuhfr esa mi;ksfxrk (The Utility of Political Culture
Approach in Comparative Politics)
rqyukRed jktuhfr esa jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk dh lkekU; mi;ksfxrk dks Li"V djrs gq, flMuh ockZ
us fy[kk gS fd ¶vkèkqfud 'krkCnh esa jktuhfrd txr vkSj jktuhfrd vè;;u {ksË nksuksa gh esa rhu ifjorZu gq,
gSaA u;s jk"Vªksa dk mn; gqvk gS] iqjkus esa ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj blls ,slh leL;k,¡ mB [kM+h gqbZ gSa tks jktuhfr 'kkLË
osQ fo}kuksa rFkk orZeku laLFkkvksa dh {kerkvksa dks ,d pqukSrh gSA¸ ,slh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djus dh {kerkvksa dk
Kku jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk osQ vkèkkj ij gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] u;s jk"Vªksa osQ mn;
us ;g ç'u çeq[k cuk fn, gSa fd ,d LFkk;h jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k dSosQ fd;k tk, rkfd og vius vUnj
mBus okyh ekaxksa dk liQyrkiwoZd lkeuk djus dh lkeF;Z çkIr dj losQA jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dks rsth osQ
cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vuqdwfyr dSosQ j[kk tk,\ dqN jk"Vª liQy rks dqN vliQy D;ksa gks tkrs gSa\ jk"Vª fdl
çdkj cnyrs gSa\ fdl çdkj dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks fdl fn'kk esa fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gS\ mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] ge ;g tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku esa jktuhfrd fodkl dh fn'kk,¡ vyx&vyx D;ksa gks
xb±\ caxykns'k esa yksdrUË teus osQ igys gh D;ksa m[kM+ x;k\ cekZ esa yksdrUË dks iqu% LFkkfir djus osQ fy,
tujy us fcu (jk"Vªifr) }kjk ;w&uw dks fn;k x;k volj D;ksa liQy ugha gks ldk\ fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd
ny] 'kklu lapkyu osQ çHkkoh vfHkdj.k D;ksa ugha cu x, gSa\ D;ksa Jhyadk esa gj vke pquko esa lÙkkèkkjh ny
ijkftr gks tkrk gS tcfd Hkkjr esa ,slk ugha gksrk gS\
,sosQ gh ç'uksa vkSj leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku ij fopkj djus osQ fy, jktuhfrd laLÑfr mikxe dk mi;ksx djosQ
^jktuhfrd laLÑfr* osQ lEcfUèkr ifjorZuksa osQ vkèkkj ij Li"Vhdj.k çLrqr djus dk ç;Ru fd;k tkus yxk
gSA ockZ dk vfHker gS fd ¶fdlh Hkh lekt dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr esa mlosQ vkuqHkfod fo'oklksa dh O;oLFkk]
vfHkO;Dr gksus okys çrhd vkSj os ewY; tks fd ml fLFkfr dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSa ftlesa jktuhfrd xfrfofèk;k¡
gksrh gSa] lfUufgr gksrs gSaA¸ bl dkj.k] jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk ij cy nsus osQ vusd ç'uksa vkSj
jktuhfrd eqíksa dks le>uk lEHko gSA ockZ us lkaLÑfrd igyw ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsus osQ nks dkj.k ekus gSaA igyk
rks ;g fd ;|fi jktuhfrd O;oLFkk,¡ fdlh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ vkSipkfjd vkSj vukSipkfjd igyqvksa osQ
lkFk gh jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ tfVy rkus&ckus dk çfrfufèkRo djrh gS] rFkkfi vè;;udrkZ osQ ikl tks lhfer
lkèku miyCèk gSa muosQ vkèkkj ij jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dh lEiw.kZrk dk ,dckjxh gh vè;;u ugha fd;k tk
ldrk gSA nwljs ;g fd fdlh Hkh lekt dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr ogka dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk ,d cgqr gh
egÙoiw.kZ igyw gSA¸ bl dkj.k] jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk osQ ekè;e osQ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ lEcfUèkr
,sosQ i{kksa dk vè;;u fd;k tk ldrk gS tks lEiw.kZ O;oLFkk osQ lapkyu esa ekSfyd çHkko j[krs gSaA bl rjg]
bldh mi;ksfxrk dbZ rF;ksa osQ Li"V dh tk ldrh gSA
ihVj edZy us viuh iqLrd ekMuZ dEisjsfVo iksfyfVDl esa jktuhfrd laLÑfr mikxe dh vU; vè;;u mikxeksa
osQ vfèkd ykHkçnrk ekuh gSA mlosQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd laLÑfr mikxe ij vkèkkfjr jktuhfrd vè;;uksa e s a
fuEufyf[kr xq.k vk tkrs gSa] vFkkZr~ vè;;u mikxe osQ dqN ,sosQ ykHk gSa tks rqyukRed jktuhfr osQ vU; mikxeksa
esa ugha ik, tkrsA ihVj edZy us bl mikxe osQ rhu ykHkksa dks ekSfyd ekuk gSA la{ksi esa ;g bl çdkj gSaμ

(1) jktuhfrd laLÑfr dk vkuqHkfod lR;kiu ;k tkap lEHko gSA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd jktuhfrd laLÑfr
osQ laosQrdksa (indicators) dks dHkh Hkh tkapk ;k ij[kk tk ldrk gSA edZy dh ekU;rk gS fd bl
voèkkj.kk osQ lEcfUèkr vkLFkkvksa] fo'oklksa dk eki vkSj ml eki dk vkuqHkfod lR;kiu ;k ij[k djuk
lEHko gS tcfd jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] lajpukRed&çdk;kZRed] jktuhfrd fodkl ;k jktuhfrd vkèkqfudhdj.k
osQ laosQrdksa dks ekiuk ;k tkapuk bruk ljy ugha gSA

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