Page 95 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV (2) jktuhfrd laLÑfr ij vkèkkfjr 'kksèk osQ] yksdfç; o turk dh ^lÙkk* ^LorUËrk* ;k ^vfHkKku* dh
èkkj.kkvksa esa ,d dkykofèk esa vkus okys ifjorZuksa dks Li"V :i osQ bafxr fd;k tk ldrk gSA edZy
ekurs gSa fd fdlh ns'k dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr vko';d :i osQ dksbZ fo'ks"k LFkkf;Ro okyh ugha gksrh
gSA mlesa ifjorZu gksrs jgrs gSaA bldh Hkkoh fn'kk dk laosQr gksuk lEHko gSA blosQ laLÑfr;ksa vkSj
mi&laLÑfr;ksa osQ vUrj Hkh Li"V gks tkrs gSaA

(3) blosQ çfr&jk"Vªh; rqyuk,¡ tks vc rd eq[;r;k çdkjkRed (inqualitative term) vkèkkj ij dh tkrh
jgh Fkh os vc rVLFk (neutral) vkSj ifjek.kkRed (quantitative) vkèkkj ij dh tk ldrh gSA D;ksafd
jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ laosQrd ekiuh;rk (measurability) osQ ;ksX; gksrs gSaA
(4) jktuhfrd laLÑfr fofoèk o i`Fkd&i`Fkd çR;;ksa dks jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh viuh voèkkj.kk esa ,dhÑr
djus dk volj çnku djrh gSA
bu dkj.kksa osQ ihVj edZy jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk ij vkèkkfjr vè;;uksa dks vfèkd Bhd ekurs gSaA
,l-ih- oekZ us viuh iqLrd ekWMuZ iksfyfVdy F;ksjh esa jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk dh vkèkqfud
jktuhfrd fl¼kUr osQ fodkl esa vR;fèkd o egÙoiw.kZ nsu ekuh gSA muosQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ çR;;
osQ vkèkkj ij fd, x, vè;;uksa esa vusd xq.k ifjyf{kr gksrs gSa] ftudk ge la{ksi esa mYys[k dj jgs gSaA
(d) xR;kRed lkaLÑfrd bdkbZ osQ :i esa lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ij è;ku osQfUær fd;k (Focussed
attention on the total political system as a dynamic cultural entity) μ ,l-ih- oekZ dk vfHker gS fd
jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ çR;; osQ jktuhfrd leqnk; ;k lekt ij ,d xR;kRed lkewfgr lÙkk osQ :i esa vè;;u
djus osQ fy, vkdf"kZr gqvk gSA blosQ O;fDr osQ LFkku ij lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk vè;;u dk osQUæ cuk gSA
mudk dguk gS fd O;ogkjoknh Øakfr osQ lkFk gh jktuhfr foKku osQ fo}kuksa dk vè;;u vfèkdkfèkd oS;fDrd
jktuhfrd O;ogkj ij osQfUær gksus yxk Fkk vkSj jktuhfr foKku rsth osQ euksfoKku osQ lkFk vfHkKkfur gksus yxk
FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd O;oLFkk n`f"Vdks.k osQ fodkl osQ ckn Hkh jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k ,d ?kVuk ;k ,d fu.kZ; dks bdkbZ
osQ :i esa è;ku o vè;;u dk osQUæ cuk jgk FkkA ;g bdkbZ fu.kZ;drkZ] usrk] ernkrk ;k er èkkjd osQ :i esa
jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k dk osQUæ cu jgh FkhA fdUrq jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ çR;; osQ lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk]
vè;;u fo'ys"k.k dh bdkbZ cu xbZA
([k) O;f"V vkSj lef"V mikxeksa dks la;qDr fd;k (combined Mirco and macro approches) μ
jktuhfrd laLÑfr n`f"Vdks.k osQ bl ckr ij cy nsus osQ] fd lEiw.kZ jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa ifjorZu o fujarjrk
dh xR;kRedrkvksa dk vè;;u fd;k tk,] O;f"V vkSj lef"V vè;;uksa dks feykuk vko';d gks x;kA bl çdkj]
jktuhfrd laLÑfr n`f"Vdks.k] O;f"V vkSj lef"V mikxeksa dks la;qDr djus ij tksj nsus osQ dkj.k jktuhfr&'kkLË
dks vkSj vfèkd iw.kZ lkekftd foKku cukus esa lgk;d jgk gSA
(x) jktuhfr&'kkLË dk fo"k;&{ks=k foLr`r djus esa lgk;d (Helped the process of broadening the
scope of political science) μ jktuhfrd laLÑfr esa] çeq[kr;k jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dk vè;;u djuk gksrk
gSA jktuhfrd lekthdj.k dh çfØ;kvksa esa u osQoy jktuhfrd rÙo gh lfEefyr jgrs gSa] vfirq thou esa
vjktuhfrd vk;ke] tSosQ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd çkpy (parameter) ;k rÙo Hkh lfEefyr gksrs gSaA bl dkj.k]
jktuhfrd laLÑfr mikxe us jktuhfr&'kkfLË;ksa dks mu lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd dkjdksa dk Hkh vè;;u djus osQ
fy, çsfjr fd;k] ftuosQ fdlh fn'kk dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr dk :i fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA
(?k) O;ogkj osQ cqf¼laxr vkSj vfoosdh fu;kedksa osQ vè;;uksa dks la;qDr fd;k (combined the study
of rational and irrational determinants of behaviours)μ jktuhfrd laLÑfr n`f"Vdks.k us O;fDr;ksa dh
fØ;kvksa osQ cqf¼laxr dkjdksa osQ vè;;u osQ lkFk gh lkFk O;ogkj osQ vfèkd xqIr vfoosdh fu;kedksa osQ vè;;u
dks Hkh çksRlkgu fn;k gSA vc jk"Vªh; pfjË dk çR;;] tks dqy feykdj vius esa LFkSfrd Fkk] vkSj u;s lektksa
esa jktuhfrd O;ogkj dks le>us esa vfèkd lgk;d ugha jgk Fkk mlosQ LFkku ij jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk

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