Page 86 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

bdkbZμ4% jktuhfrd laLÑfr

vkSj çkS|ksfxd uoksUes'kksa osQ çHkkfor gksrk gS tks vc rd ,d vkfJr ns'k osQ yksx FksA ,slh laLÑfr dk uksV
vfèkdka'k vrhr lkearoknh ;qx osQ gksrk gS vkSj og mi;qZDr oxZ osQ ns'kksa osQ mPprj ewY;ksa dk vuqlj.k
djus dk ç;kl djrk gSA
([k) gjsd jktuhfrd milaLÑfr Hkwfedkvksa dh vyx miO;oLFkk dk fodkl dj ysrh gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i
fofHkUu laLÑfr;k¡ lEiw.kZ O;oLFkk dk osQUæ fcUnq cu tkrh gSA vr% fofèk&laLFkkuxr <k¡ps dk vè;;u
djus osQ i'pkr~ ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd bldh volajpuk ij ,d utj Mkyh tk,A
(x) jktuhfrd lkSnsckth dh çfØ;k okLro esa fo|eku ugha gksrhA blosQ ,slh fLFkfr iSnk gks tkrh gS ftlesa
jktuhfr ,d f[kyokM+ cu tkrh gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd dbZ milaLÑfr;k¡ vkil esa ;q¼jr
gks tkrh gSa vFkok ,d nwljs dh vis{kk vius dks ofj"B le>rh gS vkSj bl çdkj vius ekudksa dks
vU; mi&laLÑfr;ksa osQ ekudksa ij vkjksfir djus dk ç;kl djrh gSA bl çdkj] lkSnsckth dh ctk,
;gk¡ 'kfDr osQ fy, fofHkUu çfr;ksxh xqVksa esa ;q¼ gksus yxrk gSA
vkS|ksxhdj.k osQ iwoZ dh ;k vkaf'kd :i esa vkS|ksxhÑr jktuhfrd O;oLFkk,¡ % bl oxZ esa mu ns'kksa dh
cgqr cM+h la[;k vkrh gS tks yEcs vjosQ rd mi&fuos'kh vkfèkiR; esa jgus osQ ckn vc LorUË :i esa lkeus vk,
gSaA ,slh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa 'kkld dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr dks 'kkflrksa dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr ij vkjksfir dj
fn;k tkrk gSA bldh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ bl çdkj gSaA
(d) Lokfe;ksa dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr dks vèkhuLFk (çtk) dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr ij vkjksfir dj fn;k tkrk
gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i] 'kkflr yksxksa dh jktuhfrd laLÑfr lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj 'kkldksa dh jktuhfrd
laLÑfr] ftosQ gj gkyr esa ofj"B le>k tkrk gS] dks mlosQ LFkku ij vkjksfir dj fn;k tkrk gSA
([k) usrkx.k iqjkus vkSj u, osQ chp lkeatL; LFkkfir djus dh dksf'k'k dj ldrs gSa vkSj bl çdkj mlesa
,slh fo'ks"krkvksa dk fodkl dj ldrs gSa fd bl O;oLFkk dks vkSfpR;iw.kZrk dk u;k Ïksr fey losQA
cgjgky] bl ckr dh lEHkkouk gksrh gS fd fgalk HkM+d mBs vkSj vxj peRdkjh usrkvksa dk dPpk fpêòk
[kksy fn;k tk, ;k muosQ LFkku ij mlh çdkj osQ vkSj usrkx.k vk tk,¡ rks mlosQ lkjh O;oLFkk gh vLFkk;h
gks tkrh gSA
(x) Hkwfedkvksa dh ,d gh lajpuk osQ Hkhrj ;gk¡ nks ;k blosQ Hkh vfèkd jktuhfrd laLÑfr;k¡ dk;Zjr gks ldrh
gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] fo'ks"k ijEijkvksa dk lEeku ,oa if'peh yksdraË osQ rjhdksa dk vuqlj.k djrs
gq, ,d fo'ks"k ifjokj vFkok fo'ks"k tkfr lÙkk:<+ jg ldrh gSA
lokZfèkdkjoknh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk,¡ % vUr esa] vkeaM lksfo;r la?k vFkok phu tSosQ lokZfèkdkjoknh ns'k dh
fLFkfr ij fopkj djrs gSaA bu O;oLFkkvksa dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gks ldrh gSaA
(d) budh vkSfpR;iw.kZrk dh Lohdk;Zrk dks ÑfËe rjhosQ osQ rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA çkfèkdkj osQ çfr fof'k"V
vFkZfoU;kl vuq:irk vkSj mnklhurk dk feJ.k gksrk gS ftosQ osQUæh; fu;UË.k ;k lapkj lkèkuksa vkSj
fgalkRed vfHkdj.kksa }kjk mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA
([k) tksjtcjnLrh çkfèkdkj osQ mi;ksx dk lcosQ cM+k lkèku gks tkrk gSA lHkh laxBuksa osQ pkjksa vksj
tksjtcjnLrh dk okrkoj.k Nk;k gksrk gS ftosQ ,d loZ'kfDreku jkT; rS;kj djrk gS_ vkSj

(x) 'kfDr dk loZosQUæ.k gksrk gS tks çkfèkdkj osQ fooj.k osQ fl¼kar dks udkjrk gSA lÙkk:<+ O;fDr
ukSdj'kkgh] iqfyl vkSj osQuk osQ leFkZu ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA
jktuhfrd laLÑfr esa ¶u osQoy jktuhfr osQ çfr vko`fÙk;k¡] jktuhfrd ewY;] fopkjèkkjk,¡] jk"Vªh; pfjË vkSj
lkaLÑfrd vkpkjrRo 'kkfey gSa] cfYd mlesa jktuhfr dh 'kSyh] fofèk;k¡ vkSj lkjoku :i Hkh vkrs gSaA¸ blh dkj.k]
jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh vyx&vyx fdLeksa dh [kkst dh tk ldrh gSA ns'k osQ jktuhfrd thou esa osQuk dh Hkwfedk
dh vksj fo'ks"k è;ku nsrs gq, çks- iQkbuj us jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ rhu pjksa dk lq>ko fn;k gSA

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