Page 81 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_HINDI

rqyukRed jktuhfr vkSj ljdkj

uksV 4-1 jktuhfrd laLÑfr dk vFkZ ,oa f=kLrjh; ewY;k¡du (Meaning and Mapping;
the three Levels of Political Culture)

jktuhfrd laLÑfr lkekU; lkaLÑfrd O;oLFkk dk Hkkx gS] fdUrq ;g blosQ dqN Lok;Ùkrk Hkh j[krh gSA lkekU;
laLÑfr dh rjg gh jktuhfrd laLÑfr Hkh jktuhfrd lekthdj.k osQ ekè;e osQ laizsf"kr ;k gLrkarfjr gksrh
gSA bl rjg] ;g lh[kk gqvk jktuhfrd O;ogkj gS tks O;fDr;ksa ;k lewgksa esa lkekftd ifjorZu ;k lkaLÑfrd
la?k"kZ dh pqukSfr;ksa ;k ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vuqdwy cuus dh izfØ;k esa mRiUu ;k fufeZr gks ldrk gSA jktuhfrd
laLÑfr dk vFkZ djrs gq, Y;wf'k;u ikbZ us vius ,d fucUèk ^iksfyfVdy dYpj ,.M iksfyfVdy MsosyiesUV*
tks blosQ vkSj ockZ }kjk lEikfnr iqLrd ftldk uke Hkh iksfyfVdy dYpj ,.M iksfyfVdy MsosyiesUV gS]
esa fy[kk gS fd ^^jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk crykrh gS fd fdlh lekt dh ijEijk,¡] mldh lkoZtfud
laLFkkvksa dh vkRek] mlosQ ukxfjdksa dh vkdka{kk,¡ vkSj mudk lkewfgd foosd vkSj mlosQ usrkvksa osQ rjhosQ vkSj
dk;Z'khy gksus osQ lkèku o fu;e vkfn osQoy ,sfrgkfld vuqHko dh mV&iVkax mit ugha gSa] cfYd ;s lc
,d vFkZiw.kZ O;oLFkk osQ vax gSa vkSj lEiw.kZ lEcUèkksa dk ,d cksèkxE; rFkk Li"V izfreku mifLFkr djrs gSaA
O;fDr osQ fy, jktuhfrd laLÑfr izHkko'khy jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh fn'kk esa ekxZ&funsZ'ku djrh gS vkSj lekt
osQ fy, ;g mu ewY;ksa rFkk foosdiw.kZ fopkjksa dh O;ofLFkr :i&jpuk iznku djrh gS tks fd laLFkkvksa vkSj
laxBuksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa esa laxfr cSBkrs gSaA**
Y;wf'k;u ikbZ dk vfHker gS fd ^^,d jktuhfrd laLÑfr ,d jktuhfrd O;oLFkk osQ lkewfgd bfrgkl dh
Hkh mit gS vkSj mu O;fDr;ksa osQ thou&bfrgklksa dh Hkh mit gS ftUgksaus gky gh esa bl O;oLFkk dks cuk;k
gSA bl izdkj] jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh tM+as lkoZtfud ?kVukvksa vkSj O;fDrxr vuqHkoksa esa leku :i osQ fufgr
jgrh gSaA jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk osQ jktuhfr foKku esa O;ogkjoknh n`f"Vdks.k osQ {ks=k esa] O;fDr osQ
jktuhfrd O;ogkj dh euksoSKkfud O;k[;kvksa ij vkèkkfjr O;f‘&fo'ys"k.k (macro-analysis) osQ chp dh
[kkbZ dks ikVk x;k gSA bl izdkj] jktuhfrd laLÑfr euksoSKkfud vkSj lekt&'kkL=kh vè;;u n`f"Vdks.kksa esa
leUo; djosQ budh rduhdksa esa vkèkqfud izxfr;ksa dks xfr'khy jktuhfrd fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, iz;ksx djus dk
ekè;e izLrqr djrh gSA
mijksDr foospu osQ Li"V gS fd jktuhfrd laLÑfr ,d vkèkqfud voèkkj.kk gSA ;g jk"Vªh; jktuhfrd euksfoKku
rFkk yksxksa osQ vkèkkjHkwr ewY;ksa osQ lEcfUèkr Kku dks vfèkd O;ofLFkr :i esa j[kus dk iz;kl djrh gSA blosQ
Li"V gS fd jktuhfrd laLÑfr dh voèkkj.kk izeq[kr;k jktuhfrd gSA usrkvksa vkSj ukxfjdksa osQ jktuhfrd
vfHkeq[khdj.kksa osQ lEcfUèkr gksus osQ dkj.k] jktuhfrd laLÑfr ^jktuhfr&'kSyh* vFkok ^izpkyu&lafgrk*
(Operational code) vkfn voèkkj.kkvksa osQ] tks fd fof'k"V oxZ osQ O;ogkj ij izdk'k Mkyrh gS] vfèkd
mi;qDr vkSj bu voèkkj.kkvksa osQ vfèkd xgjk vFkZ j[krh gSA blh rjg ;g ^tuer* vkSj jk"Vªh; pfjË tSlh
voèkkj.kkvksa dh rqyuk esa vfèkd lhfer vkSj fu;ksftr rFkk vkuqHkfod fo'ys"k.k ;ksX; gSA
jktuhfrd laLÑfr osQ lkekU; vFkZ osQ ckn bldh ifjHkk"kk djuk ljy gks tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ge dqN izeq[k fo}kuksa
}kjk nh xbZ ifjHkk"kk,¡ ns jgs gSa ftlosQ bldk vFkZ vkSj izÑfr Hkh Li"V gks losQA ^jktuhfrd laLÑfr* 'kCn dk]
ftl vFkZ esa bosQ vktdy le>k tkrk gS] loZizFke vkeUM us gh vius ,d fucUèk dEisjsfVo iksfyfVdy
flLVEl esa 1956 esa fd;k Fkk blfy, ge vkeUM }kjk nh xbZ ifjHkk"kk gh igys ns jgs gSaA

jktuhfrd laLÑfr ,d lqfuf'pr rFkk vkuqHkfod ijh{k.k ;ksX; rF;ksa osQ lEc¼
voèkkj.kk gSA

76 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY