Page 7 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
1H1
1H1
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oekoL noE, gfoGkPk, gqfeosh ns/
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oekoL noE, gfoGkPk, gqfeosh ns/
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oekoL noE, gfoGkPk, gqfeosh ns/
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oekoL noE, gfoGkPk, gqfeosh ns/
1H1
1H1
BØN 1H1 s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oekoL noE, gfoGkPk, gqfeosh ns/
ft;sko y/so
ft;sko y/so
ft;sko y/so
ft;sko y/so
ft;sko y/so (Comparative Politics and Government : Meaning,
Definition, Nature and Scope)
s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ noE dk ft;fsqs ftPb/PD eoB s'A gfjbK fJ; dk ‘s[bBkswe ;oeko’ (comparative
government) s'A nzso ;wM b?Dk Io{oh j?. pokpo ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh B{z ‘s[bBkswe Pk;B’ iK
‘s[bBkswe ;oeko’ dk d{ik BK ;wM fbnk iKdk j?. d'BK dk jh ;pzX ‘okiBhsh’ Bkb j'D d/ ekoB fJBK dk
fJZe d{;o/ d/ bJh ndb^pdb eoe/ gq:'r eoBk E'Vk ;[Gkfte jh j?. gqzs{ okiBhsh ftfrnkB ftZu fJBQK dk
ihHe/H okpNoI
ihHe/H okpNoI
;[fBPfus noE ehsk iKdk j?. ihHe/H okpNoIihHe/H okpNoI
ihHe/H okpNoI B/ s[bBkswe ;oeko ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh B{z nbZr^nbZr
wzfBnk j?. T[BQK B/ s[bBkswe ;oeko dh gfoGkPk fJ; gqeko ehsh j?.
“s[bBkswe ;oeko, okiK, T[BQK dh ;z;EktK ns/ ;oekoK d/ ekoiK dk nfXn?B j? fi; ftZu PkfJd oki
fefonk d/ pj[s B/V/ dk ;pzX oZyD tkb/ g{oe ;w{jK^okiBhfse db ns/ dpkn ;w{jK, dk th nfXn?B
;w{fje j?.”
ihB pb'Dv/b
ihB pb'Dv/b
ihB pb'Dv/b B/ th s[bBkswe ;oeko dk noE okpNoI d[nkok ehs/ rJ/ noE Bkb fwbdk^i[bdk ehsk
ihB pb'Dv/b
ihB pb'Dv/b
j?. fJBQK B/ s[bBkswe ;oeko dh gfoGkPk eod/ j'J/ fbfynk j?^
“s[bBkswe ;oeko ;wekbhB ftPt ftZu okPNoh ;oekoK d/ gqshwkBK dk nfXn?B j?.”
s[bBkswe ;oeko dh T[go'es gfoGkPktK s'A ;gZPN j? fe fJ; ftZu oki Bkb ;pzfXs n"gukfoe ;z;EktK
dk jh w[Zy s"o s/ s[bBkswe nfXn?B j[zdk j?. fJ; ftZu okiBhfse fttjko Bkb ;zpzfXs ;kohnK
gqfefonktK ns/ j'o r?o^;oekoh ;z;EktK dk nfXn?B Pkfwb BjhA ehsk iKdk. ukj/ toswkB ftZu
okiBhfse db ftZu dpkn ;w{jK dh jo oki ftZu wjZstg{oD G{fwek d/ ekoB fJBQK dk nfXn?B th
s[bBkswe ;oeko ft~u Pkfwb ehsk ikD bZrk. gqzs{ w[Zy I'o ;kPB dh ;z;Ek s[bBkswe ftPb/PD s/ ofjzdk
j?. fJ; s'A fBu'V fBebdk j? fe s[bBkswe PkPB ftZu ;zg{oB okiBhfse fttjko dk nfXn?B BjhA ehsk
iKdk. okiBhfse fttjko d/ nB/e gfjb{ ns/ nB/eK r?o^Pk;eh ;z;EktK fiBQK Bkb ;oekoK dk fttjko
Ybdk ns/ pdbdk j? s[bBkswe ;oeko ftZu Pkfwb BjhA ehshnK iKdhnK jB.
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;pzX okiBhfse fttjko dh ;zg{oDsk (totality of political behaviour) d/
nfXn?B s'A j?. fJ; ftZu ;oekoK ns/ oki;h ;z;EktK dk okiBhfse ;z;EktK Bkb s[bBkswe nfXn?B
sK nkg jh Pkfwb ofjzdk j?. feT[Afe okiBhfse fttjko, okiBhfse ;z;EktK ns/ w[~y s"o s/ ;oekoh
;z;EktK d/ fJoX^froX x[zwdk j?. gqzs{ fJ; s'A fJbktk s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftZu T[BQK gqGktK ns/ gqfeqshnK
ihHe/H
ihHe/H
ihHe/H
dk nfXn?B th Pkfwb ehsk iKdk j?. fi; ftZu ;oekoK dk fttjko fJ; iK T[; gqeko pDdk j?. ihHe/HihHe/H
pNoI
pNoI
pNoI B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk noE ;gPN eod/ j'J/ fbfynk j?^
ok ok ok ok okpNoIpNoI
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh fpqj~so y/so dk ;ze/se j? fi; ftZu s[bBkswe ;oekoK ns/ r?o^PkPeh
okiBhsh^ephb/, ;zgodktK (communities) ns/ r?o^okieh ;zrmBK ns/ okiBhsh dk th nfXn?B ehsk
iKdk j?.”
J/vtov J/H cohw?B
J/vtov J/H cohw?B (Edward A. Freeman) th s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ ft;fsqs y/so dh rZb eod/
J/vtov J/H cohw?B
J/vtov J/H cohw?B
J/vtov J/H cohw?B
jB. fJ; dk wzBDk j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftZu e/tb ;oekoK d/ ftfGzB o{gK dk jh s[bBkswe nfXn?B
Pkfwb BjhA jz[dk pbfe ftftX okiBhfse gqfeqnktK ns/ T[BK Bkb ;pzfXs okiBhfse ns/ r?o^okieh
;z;EktK dk th s[bBkswe nfXn?B Pkfwb jz[dk j?.
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh T[go'es ftnkfynk s'A ;gPN j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ s[bBkswe Pk;B
;wkBnoE BjhA jB. s[bBkswe Pk;B, okiBhsh d/ e/tb Pk;B ;pzXh ;z;Ekrs gfjb{nK d/ nfXn?B sZe
;hws j?. id fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh T[; s'A fJe edw nZr/ tZX e/ T[BQK ;kohnK PeshnK (forces) ns/
gqGktK dk th nfXn?B eodh j? i' okiBhfse ;z;EktK, okiBhfse gqfeqnk ns/ okiBhfse fttjko B{z gqsZy
ns/ ngqsZy o{g Bkb ftP/P gqeko dk pDkT[D d/ bJh T[sodkJh j?. s[bBkswe okiBhsh, s[bBkswe ftPb/
PD ns/ s[bBkswe ftXh s'A th fGzB j?. s[bBkswe okiBhfse ftPb/PD (comparative political
analysis) w[Zy s"o s/ okiBhfse^ftfrnkB Bkb ;zpzfXs s[bBkswe ftPb/PD B{z efjzd/ jB ns/ fJ; ekoB

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