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fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJj ;[ftnes (explicit) iK nftnes (implicit) o{g Bkb okiBhsh^ftfrnkB ftZu okiBhfse ;gPN- BØN
heoD (political explanations) eoD ftZu e/Adoh^G{s ofjzdk j?. s[bBkswe ftXh, nkw s"o s/
nB[Gkfte gq;EkgBktK (propositions) dh ;EkgBk dh w"fbe ftXhnK ftZu'A gqw[Zy ftXh j?. fJj e/; ftXh
(case method) dh fto'Xh j?.

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ftnkfynk eod/ j'J/ cohw?B B/ fbfynk j?, “s[bBkswe
okiBhsh ;oekoK d/ ftftX gqekoK ns/ ftfGzB okiBhfse ;z;EktK dk s[bBkswe
ftPb/PD j?.”

fJ; gqeko s[bBkswe okiBhsh, ftfGzB Pk;B ftt;EktK, okiBhfse gqfeqnktK ns/ okiBhfse fttjko
o/bc p/qpzsh
o/bc p/qpzsh
o/bc p/qpzsh
dk s[bBkswe Yzr Bkb nfXn?B ns/ ftPb/PD j?. o/bc p/qpzsho/bc p/qpzsh B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ftnkge
gfoGkPk ehsh j?. fJBQK B/ fbfynk j?^
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh ;zg{oD ;wkfie ftt;Ek ftZu T[BK sZsK dh gfjukD ns/ ftnkfynk j? i' okiBhfse
ezwK ns/ T[BQK d/ ;z;Ekrs gqekPB B{z gqGkfts eod/ jB.”
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ;zfygs ns/ PkfJd ;G s'A ;gPN gfoGkPk n?w eofN;n?w eofN;
n?w eofN;
n?w eofN; B/ fdsh j? . UBk d/
n?w eofN;
nB[;ko^
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh ezw dh ftXh ns/ okiBhfse ftntjko dh
wjstg{oB fBozsosktK, ;wkBsktK ns/ n;wkBsktK s'A j?.”
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX okiBhfse ;z;EktK ns/ okiBhfse fttjko dhnK ;wkBsktK^n;wkBsktK
ns/ nfXn?B Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. fJ; ftZu noEg{oD ftPb/PD d/ bJh Io{oh ftnkfynkswe gfoebgBktK
(explanatory hypothesis) jz[dhnK jB. eEBK dk gohyD ns/ nB[Gkfte sZEK (empirical data) d/
;ztor ns/ torheoD ehs/ iKd/ jB. ntb'eD ns/ fiZE/ ;zGt j't/ gohyD eoe/, P'X gqftXhnK dk gq:'r
eoe/ s[bBkswe okiBhfse nfXn?B, okiBhsh d/ pko/ ftZu frnkB tkXk eodk j?.
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh T[go'es gfoGkPktK ns/ ftnkfynk s'A ;gPN j? fe fJj fJe ;[szso nB[Pk;B
j?. s[bBkswe okiBhsh ftZu, fJZe ;[szso nB[Pk;B d/ bJh Io{oh ;[;gPN ns/ fBPfus ftPk^y/so j?.
fJ; dh th nfXn?B ;pzXh ;t?fte;s gZXshnK ns/ gqftXhnK jB. fJ; dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk^y/so d/
ftt/uB s'A fJj j'o th ;gZPN j' ikt/rk fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJe ;[szso nB[Pk;B (independent
discipline) j?.
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh (The Nature of Comparative Politics)
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh B{z b? e/ ftdtkBK ftZu wsG/d j?. w'N/ s"o s/ fJ; dh gqfeqsh ;pzXh ftukoK
B{z d' gqw[Zy XkoDktK ftZu ftGkfis ehsk iKdk j?. okiBhsh^Pk;so d/ ftdtkB ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/
nroDh xZN iK tZX wksok ftZu d'jK ftZu'A fe;/ fJZe XkoDk d/ ;woEe fdykJh fdzd/ jB. fJj d' XkoDktK
jB^
(e) s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?. (It is vertical comparative study)
(y) s[bBkswe okiBhsh nzpoKfse s[bBk j?. (It is horizontal comparative study)

s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?
s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?
s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j? (It is vertical comparative study)
s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?
s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?
s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJZe jh d/P ftZu ;fEs ftfGzB ;soK s/ ;Ekfgs ;oekoK ns/ T[BQK B{z gqGkfts eoB
tkb/ okiBhfse fttjkoK dk s[bBkswe ftPb/PD ns/ nfXn?B j?. fJ; d/ ftukoe fJj wzBd/ jB fe jo
fJZe oki ftZu eJh ;soK s/ ;oekoK j[zdhnK jB. w'N/ o{g ftZu T[BQK B/ fJBK ;oekoK B{z d' gqeko dh dZf;nk
gfjbh
gfjbh
gfjbh
j?. gfjbhgfjbh ;oftnkge iK ;otiBe iK okPNoh ;oeko ns/ d{;oh nzfPe, ;EkBe iK ftneshrs
(private) ;oeko.

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